Week 8

Question 1

what are the main health problems encountered by children worldwide?

Answer 1

• low birth weight
• malnutrition
• infections
• accidents
• poisoning
• behavioural problems

Question 2

what are the clinical signs of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)

Answer 2

• poor weight gain

- slowing of linear growth

Question 3

What are the behavioural changes of malnutrition?

Answer 3

• irritability
• apathy
• decreased social responsiveness
• anxiety
• attention deficits

Question 4

What are some symptoms of iron deficiency?

Answer 4

fatigue
anaemia
decreased cognition
headach
nail changes

Question 5

what are symptoms of iodine deficiency

Answer 5

developmental delays, mental retardation

Question 6

what are symptoms of Vit D deficiency

Answer 6

poor growth, hypoglycaemia

Question 7

what are symptoms of Vit A deficiency

Answer 7

night blindness, poor growth, hair changes

Question 8

what can happen with temperature with children and influenza?

Answer 8

temp may be higher in children than adults

Question 9

what some complications of infuenza in children?

Answer 9

acute bronchitis
gastro symptoms
croup
acute otitis media
pneumonia

Question 10

what is the incubation period for influenza?

Answer 10

1-4 days

communicable up to 7 days

Question 11

Is infuenza droplet, contact or airborne?

Answer 11

droplet

Question 12

What are some bacterial throat infections in paeds?

Answer 12

whooping cough

strep throat

Question 13

what are environmental factors affecting strep throat?

Answer 13

• pollens
• allergens
• dry air
• smoke

Question 14

what are possible complications of throat infections in paeds?

Answer 14

• tonsilittis
• tonsillar abscess
• scarlett fever
• rheumatic fever
• acute septicaemia
• kidney infection

Question 15

what is croup?

Answer 15

upper respiratory tract infection in paeds

Question 16

What is the age range for croup?

Answer 16

1-6

peak 2

More common in males

Question 17

what is the pathophys of croup?

Answer 17

1. inflammation and oedema
2. upper airway obstruction
3. increased resistance to airflow
4. increased intrathoracic negative pressure
5. collapse of upper airway
6. Respiratory failure

Question 18

What do you look for in assessing croup?

Answer 18

• 1-3 days of URTI symptoms
• Hoarse voice and stridor
• barking cough
• low grade fever
• prefer to lie down but agitated
• intercostal retraction

NO DROOLING
NO difficulty swallowing

Question 19

what is epiglottitis?

Answer 19

swelling of epiglottis - obstruction

- severe, fatal and can rapidly deteriorate

Question 20

what is the age range of epiglottitis?

Answer 20

3 - 6

Question 21

what are the S&S of epiglottitis?

Answer 21

Sudden onset

• few hours
• high fever
• sore throat

DROOLING
difficulty swallowing
- stridor & SOB
- might snore
- no cough
tripod position

-> could be septic

Question 22

What is bronchiolitis

Answer 22

viral infection opf the lower respiratory tract - LRTI

• acute inflammatory response

Question 23

What is the age for bronchiolitis?

Answer 23

under 2

usually improives in 7-10 days

Question 24

what to consider when assessing for bronchiolotis?

Answer 24

mainly in colder seasons
usually 2-6 months of but up to 2 years old

Manage o2
monitor

Question 25

what is measles?

Answer 25

highly contageous viral disease from the paramyxovirus family

• one of the leading cause of death among paeds globally

Question 26

how is measles spread?

Answer 26

contact and airborne

Question 27

what are chicken pox?

Answer 27

caused by VZV virus

itchy rash that spreads

Question 28

How does chicken pox spread?

Answer 28

droplets, contact

last 7 - 10 days

contagious until all spots have dried up

Question 29

What are complications from chicken pox?

Answer 29

• pneumonia
• encephilitis
• bacterial infection of the skin
• toxic shock syndrome
• reyes syndrome for people who take aspirin during the pox

Question 30

what are the warning signs of a sick child?

Answer 30

• pale, pasty cvhild
• floppy
• drowsy
• alterations in vital signs
• early signs of compensation
• tiring with resp distress
• quiet
• rapid deterioration and decompensation

Question 31

what are common accidents causing injury in kids?

Answer 31

• burns
• falls
• poisoning
• drowning

Question 32

what are the most common mental health issues in children?

Answer 32

ADHD, depression and anxiety

Question 33

are boys or girls more likely to have mental health issues in children?

Answer 33

girls

Question 34

what should you consider when assessing paeds?

Answer 34

• chronological vs developmental age
• mindful of parents and what they have been through
• identify reasons for behaviour rather than the behaviour itself
• child with autism may not respond well to changes

Question 35

what are the elements of risk factors and protective factors?

Answer 35

child
family
school
life events
social

Question 36

what are some special circumstances with adolescence and mental health?

Answer 36

• dependence to independece
• onset of reproductive cycle
• sexual maturity
• sexual experimentation
• LGBTIQ issues
• teenage prgnancy

Question 37

which adolescents are at risk of developing alcohol and drug dependency?

Answer 37

• those with family history of substance use disorders
• those who are depressed
• those who have low self-esteem
• those who feel like they don’t fit in