Week 8 Flashcards
What is the difference between an experimental and non-experimental design?
Experimental; experimental manipulation of IV, random allocation to groups
Non-experimental; no experimental manipulation of IV, no random allocation to groups, use existing variability to understand effect of IV, e.g. age, sex, disease state, personality.
What are Quasi-experimental designs?
All the features of an experimental design but without random allocation to groups.
What is matching?
Find participants for your control group that match a key demographic in your target group, e.g. age, SES, IQ
Once you have an IV that can’t be manipulated (e.g. gender can’t be randomly assigned) then you have a what?
Non-experimental design.
Experimental vs control groups.
Needs to be the same because you are already changing the treatment type.
Why would Quasi-experiments be used?
Real-world opportunities - e.g. earthquake effect in family structure
What are small-N designs?
Each participant is treated as a seperate experiment. Individuals’ data are presented.
What are large-N designs?
Participants are grouped. Data is represented as group averages.
What is an interrupted time-series design?
Design in which a treatment effect is assessed by comparing the pattern of pre- and post-test scores for a single group of research participants.
What is the primary weakest of an interrupted time-series design?
No control of history effects.
What are single case designs?
Use only one participant or one group of participants; no random assignment and no control group; single participants used most frequently.
What is an ABA design?
A - baseline; B - treatment; A - baseline. Requires a return to the baseline.
What is a multiple baseline design?
Design in which the treatment condition is successively administered to several target participants.
What is the major benefit of a multiple baseline design?
Controlling for history.
What is a changing-criterion design?
A participant’s behaviour is gradually shaped by changing the criterion for success during successive treatment periods.
