Week 8 Flashcards
Quality of final preparation is dependent on
compatibility and stability parameters
Define stability
Retention of properties and characteristics throughout the storage and use periods
Define instability
Results when a change or degradation of the active ingredient occurs
Define expiration date
Assigned by manufacturer
Determined using extensive analytical testing
Define BUD
Assigned by pharmacists
Determined based on scientific evidence
BUD MDV
28 days from entering
BUD SDV in hood
6 hours
BUD No hood
1 hr
BUD Ready to use
As indicated
BUD vial systems
As indicated unless opened
Low with 12 hours or less BUD
12 hr room and refrige NO frozen
Low BUD
Room: 48 hrs
Refrige: 14 days
Frozen: 45 days
Medium BUD
Room: 30 hrs
Refrige: 9 days
Frozen: 45 days
High BUD
Room: 24 hrs
Refrige: 3 days
Frozen 45 days
Define incompatibility
Undesirable rxn between: two drugs, a drug and an excipient, a drug with container
Chemical rxn between two or more components of a mixture
Three type of incompatibilities
Therapeutic
Physical
Chemical
Chemical and physical can result in
Influence in therapeutic efficacy of drugs
Define Chemical incompatibility
Results from a chemical rxn which affects molecular structure or activity of product
Define Physical Incompatibility
Results in changes in the physical properties of the product
Evidence of incompatibility
Color change Precipitate Phase separation Bubbles Heat/cold Crystals
Factors affecting stability and compatibility
pH Temp Light Mixing sequences Time Concentration
Define Calcium Phosphate
Formed when calcium salts are added to electrolytes containing phosphate
Chemical rxn with physical change
PN Risk
Suboptimal delivery of Ca and phosphorous
Occlusion of in-line filter
Microvascular embolism
PE
Preventing Incompatibilities
Verify solubilities
Determine chemical form of drug
Determine risk of precipitation
Determine storage and handling conditions
Minimize Risk of Incompatibility
Use quickly Minimize amount of drugs Utilize references Closely review in high or low pH Closes review if Ca, P or Mg is involved
Visual Inspection
Always hold preparation up to light to see through
Always check preparation against a contrasting backgroud
