week 8 Flashcards
What are human universals?
Any cultural traits or institution that is found in all societies or cultures
what are some common needs or problems
basic survival, subsistence, protection, teaching children, language, rules, medicine
what are some example of our common and universal biological ancestry
biological constraints, prolonged dependency of children, language acquisition,
sexual dimorphism(male/females are different)
how is the division of labor and hunting an example of sexual dimorphism
our bodies are designed uniwuely so we are differently suited to different texts.
women did not go hunting they were better for babies and nurses
What is the catherine marsh study?
a study that found animals and game were scared off from womens menstrual blood
and
predators are attracted to the menstrual cyle of woman
What is the quantity vs. quality theory
males must father as many children as possible, therefore quantity is more important to them. Woman can only have a certain number of children adn are fertile for a much shorter time so therefore quality is more important to them
for
What are some things that are common to all females?
menopause
loss of estrus(cycle)
only females have concealed ovulation
most animals only mate in ovulation humans do it continuously because of love and pair bonding
simultaneously ovulation helps females keep genetic diversity
what is the blank slate or empty cup theory
made by ruth benedict
humans when they are born are like a blank slate
what are some cognitive design elements
detect and prefer the central tendency (evolution and conformity
trust the familiar and distrust the foreign
culture can override things deemed to be universal
what are some examples
mother infant bonding: look up sheppar Hughes and anjinhas
anjihas: babies who are deemed not to survive not cared for as extensively by the mother as other babies
semai people of malaysia: they are very isolated and thay cannot show agression or they will be viewed as childish.
what is enculturation?
Process of the Aquisition of culture, learned/taught
what are the 4 avenues of enculturation
- observation/ mimicry(language acquisition, etc.)
- emulation of model behavior (high status, figures etc.(kicks in at about 5-10 years old))
- Technical Instruction(school, university)
- Conditioning (gold star on assignments spankings for bad behavior and ficitive agents like sanata claus)
subsistence
same basic needs different solutions
what are our basic needs?
- energy
- protein
- vitamins
- fats
- water
what is marasmus?
a calorie deficiency disease. (skeleton like)
what is kwashiorhor
lack of protein swelling of the abdomen
what is cholera
how do the great basin groups deal with the problem of seasonal limited protein
they consume grasshoppers which have a high protein content
How do the eskimos /athobascan deal with harsh winter and limited hunting
they make this type of sausage which is basicallybirds stored in seal intestines ans stored fro months and it was a delicacy
when did pastoralist slaughter their cows
cows were slaughtered at the end of life time for milk and blood
language is unique among animals especially in its complexity. what are 4 verbal attributes of language.
- Tremendous Intraspecific diversity
2.language based on symbols - mulitplicity of patterning
- DIsplacement
what is a phoneme
smallest units of language, distinct sounds 42 in the English language
what is a Morpheme
smallest units of of a language which has semantic blah blah blah look it up
look up all term you dont know for more clarificaiton
