Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NSG-2321 Exam 2 > Week 8 > Flashcards

Week 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Define hospice care

A

A specialized form of healthcare with the goal of relieving suffering and improving the quality of life for those living with a life-limiting illness and their families.

Hospice care addresses specific physical, psychological, social, spiritual, and practical issues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List the goals of palliative care

A
  • Improve quality of life
  • Symptom control (pain, dyspnea, etc.)
  • Goals of Care discussions
  • Support holistic patient care
  • Offer support to families

Palliative care focuses on improving the quality of life for patients and their families facing life-threatening illnesses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Identify common manifestations of imminent death

A
  • Irreversible cessation of brain functions
  • Loss of vital organ function
  • Mottling of skin
  • Absent blink reflex
  • Cold, clammy skin

These manifestations often indicate that death is approaching.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe nursing interventions at the end of life

A
  • Pain relief
  • Comfort and positioning
  • Mouth care
  • Skin care
  • Support for family

Nurses play a crucial role in providing comfort and support to both patients and their families.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Explain the process of grief and bereavement

A
  • Grief is a psychological, social, or somatic response to loss
  • Bereavement is the state of loss or death
  • The Five Stages of Grief include denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.

Anticipatory grief occurs before the actual death.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Discuss the nurse’s role in end-of-life care

A
  • Provide emotional support
  • Communicate effectively
  • Advocate for patient wishes
  • Respect family dynamics
  • Facilitate decision-making

The nurse’s role is pivotal in ensuring holistic care during end-of-life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explore ethical issues affecting end-of-life care

A

Considerations include: * Autonomy * Informed consent * Quality of life * Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD)

Ethical dilemmas often arise in discussions about patient autonomy and end-of-life decisions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is palliative care?

A

An approach that focuses on and improves the quality of life of clients and their families facing problems associated with life-threatening or life-limiting illness.

It involves symptom control and holistic care.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Fill in the blank: The irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain is known as _______.

A

[Death]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

True or False: Hospice care is intended for patients in the last days to weeks of life.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the clinical standards of death?

A
  • Absence of pulse and breath sounds, heart wounds, respiratory effort or chest wall motion
  • Coma and fixed pupils
  • Loss of pulsatile arterial blood pressure

These criteria are essential in determining death.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List the common end-of-life pharmacology used.

A
  • Morphine (opioid receptor agonist)
  • Midazolam (benzodiazepine)
  • Scopolamine (anticholinergic)

These medications are commonly used in managing symptoms at the end of life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is anticipatory grief?

A

Grief that takes place before the actual death occurs.

This type of grief allows individuals to process their feelings in advance of loss.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the role of the RN in providing palliative care?

A
  • Direct care provision
  • Collaboration with healthcare team
  • Implementing holistic care
  • Comfort measures for symptom management

The role of the RN is integral to the success of palliative care.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fill in the blank: Palliative sedation is used to relieve _______ symptoms.

A

[Intractable]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define bereavement.

A

The state of loss or death; the time spent in bereavement is individual.

Bereavement includes emotional responses and can vary greatly among individuals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the phases of Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD)?

A
  • Precontemplation
  • Contemplation
  • Determination
  • Action

These phases guide the decision-making process regarding MAiD.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the significance of advance care planning (ACP)?

A

It helps clients and families make decisions about end-of-life care, such as DNR orders and treatment preferences.

ACP is crucial for ensuring that patient wishes are respected.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

True or False: Registered nurses can legally pronounce death.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is post-mortem care?

A
  • Preparing the body
  • Allowing family time with the deceased
  • Following local policies

This care is important for respecting the deceased and supporting the family.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Fill in the blank: The last sense to disappear at the end of life is _______.

A

[Hearing]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is ‘rigor mortis’?

A

Muscle stiffening that occurs within 12-24 hours after death.

This is a key physical change that occurs post-mortem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the generic name for Versed?

A

midazolam

Versed is the trade name for midazolam, a benzodiazepine.

24
Q

What is the pharmacological class of scopolamine?

A

anticholinergic

Scopolamine is classified as an anticholinergic drug.

25
What is the therapeutic class of midazolam?
sedation and anxiolytic ## Footnote Midazolam is primarily used for sedation and anxiety relief.
26
What is a common route of administration for medications like midazolam?
IV (intravenous) ## Footnote Midazolam is commonly administered intravenously.
27
What is the primary indication for the use of scopolamine?
off-label use for terminal airway secretions ## Footnote Scopolamine is often used off-label to manage secretions in terminal patients.
28
True or False: Advances in medical care have made predicting lifespan easier.
False ## Footnote Advances in medical care complicate the prediction of lifespan and illness course.
29
What does the mechanism of action refer to?
How a drug produces its effects ## Footnote The mechanism of action includes the onset of action of the drug.
30
Fill in the blank: The _____ process can become heavy for professionals during a patient's end-of-life care.
dying ## Footnote The dying process can be emotionally challenging for healthcare providers.
31
What is an important nursing consideration when administering midazolam?
Monitor for respiratory depression ## Footnote Midazolam can cause significant respiratory depression, requiring close monitoring.
32
What is a key aspect of patient/family teaching regarding scopolamine?
Potential side effects ## Footnote Patients and families should be informed about the possible side effects of scopolamine.
33
What is the significance of the relationship between patients and professionals during the dying process?
It enriches both parties ## Footnote The relationship can provide emotional support and fulfillment for both patients and healthcare providers.
34
List two adverse reactions associated with midazolam.
* Respiratory depression * Drowsiness ## Footnote Midazolam can lead to serious adverse reactions, including respiratory depression.
35
What type of medication is Buscopan?
anticholinergic ## Footnote Buscopan is also classified as an anticholinergic medication.
36
What is an important consideration for the use of medications during pregnancy and breastfeeding?
Safety considerations ## Footnote Safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding must be evaluated for each medication.
37
What does 'titrate to desired effect' mean in medication dosing?
Adjust the dose based on the patient’s response ## Footnote Titration involves modifying the drug dose to achieve the optimal effect.
38
EOL care
Days to weeks to months - may be in a home or institution (depending on the needs of the family) - many things to consider to set up EOL care in the home (proper beds, bathrooms, supplies, dressings, skin care products, pain management)
39
Palliative care
Months to years - focuses on and improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing problems -GOC discussions - symptoms control
40
Hospice care
Days to weeks - specialized form of healthcare with the goal of relieving suffering - improving the quality of life for those living with a life limiting illness - hospice care addresses the specific physical, psychological, social, spiritual and practical issues
41
Psychosocial- spiritual needs of the caregivers
- care of the family (coping/need for respite) - housing or financial - relatives, church or religious groups - does not always have to be based on worship of a higher power or faith based - may be organizing visits from spiritual leaders
42
Clinical manifestation of death
1. The irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain, including the brain stem OR 2. Occurs when all vital organs and systems cease to function
43
Canadas Hospice Palliative Care (HPC)
- works to affirm life, look at death as a normal process of life, and treatht he client and their family as a unity when providing care that continues through dearth and bereavement
44
Principles of HCP aim to provide care that:
- provide relief from symptoms, including pain - regard dying as a normal process of - affirm life and neither hasten nor postpone death - support holistic a patient care and enhance quality of life - offer support to patients to live as actively as possible until their death - offer support to the family during the patients illness and in their own berevement
45
Physical Manifestations of nearing death (sensory)
- hearing is usually the last sense to disappear - decreased sensation with disease progression - blurring of vision - sinking and glazing of eyes - blink reflex absent - eyelids may remain half open
46
Physical manifestations of nearing death (resp)
- increased respiratory rate (earlier) - cheyene- stokes respirations - inability to cough or clear secretions - grunting, grugling or noisy congested breathing - irregular breathing - slowing to terminal gasps or agonal breathing (later)
47
Physician Manifestations of nearing death (CVS)
- increased heart rate (earlier) - later stages are slowed and weakening of pulse - irregular cardiac rhythm - decrease in blood pressure - delayed absorption of drugs administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously
48
Physical manifestations of nearing death (integumentary)
- mottling on hands, feet, arms and legs - cold, clammy skin - cyanosis on nose, nailbeds, knees - wax-like skin when near death - flattening/drooping of nasolabial folds
49
Physical manifestations of nearing death (GU)
- decreased urinary output - incontinence of urine - unable to urinate
50
Physical manifestations of nearing death (GI)
- loss of appetite and thirst sensation - slowing of digestive tracts and possibly cessation of function - distension and nausea - loss of sphincter control - bowel movement may occur before imminent death or the time of death
51
Cheyne- Stokes respiration
Deep rapid breathing with a long pause - mouth open - pt is most often unconscious
52
Somatic death
- categorized as the cessation of respiration and circulation - body temperature matches the environment within 24 hours - post mortem cooling = algor mortis - muscle stiffening completed with in 12-24 hours = rigor mortis
53
Define grief
-manifestations may include disruption is sleep, changes in appetite, physical symptoms, or illness psychological, social or somatic respite to loss (or the perception of loss) - grief may include the feelers and the thinkers/doers the five stages of grief 1. Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance
54
Kubler-Ross model of grief
5 stages - denial - anger - bargaining - depression - acceptance
55
What is algor mortis
Post mortem cooling

NSG-2321 Exam 2 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions