Week 8 Flashcards
Essential process of digestion and its function?
Ingestion (taking food in)
Propulsion (moves food through tract)
Mechanical digestion (physical chewing, mixing, churning)
Chemical digestion (catabolism/ breakdown of polymers into monomers by enzymes)
Absorption (passage of digested food across wall into blood)
Defecating (eliminates indigestible substances and other wastes)
Classification of carbohydrates? And give some examples
Monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, ribose, galactose)
Disaccharides (sucrose, maltose, lactose)
Polysaccharides. (Glycogen, starch, cellulose)
Storage form of carbohydrates
Glycogen (stored glucose in animals)
Starch (food reserve of most plants)
Cellulose (plants structural components)
Metabolism of carbohydrates
In gastrointestinal tract (breakdown polysaccharides into simple sugars/monosaccharides then absorb it)
In liver (storage of glycogen; transform fructose and galactose into glucose)
In body cells (storage energy as triglyceride in fat)
Fate of glucose
ATP production during cell respiration
Converted into one of several amino acids
What is protein
Amino acids as building blocks
Qualities of protein depend on amino acid composition
Name of proteins? And its size
Dipeptide (2 aa)
Oligopeptide (2-10 aa)
Polypeptide (10-100 aa)
Protein (> 100 aa)
Fate of protein in metabolism?
Proteins are broken into amino acids
Transported to the liver
Usage of protein?
Oxidized to produce ATP
Used to synthesize new proteins
Excess converted into glucose or triglycerides
What is protein catabolism
Breakdown protein into amino acids
Liver cells convert amino acids into substances then enter the krebs cycle to produce ATP
What is protein anabolism
Production of new proteins by formation of peptide bonds between amino acids
Occurs on ribosomes
Stimulated by insulin like growth factors (thyroid hormone, insulin, estrogen, testosterone)
Component of lipids?
Triglycerides (most abundant in body and diet)
Phospholipids (lipid complex contains phosphate)
Cholestrol (derivative of glyceride)
Fate of lipids?
Oxidized to produce ATP
Excess stored in adipose tissue or liver
Synthesize important molecules
What are metabolism and its function?
Catabolic reactions (break down complex organic compounds; provide energy (exergonic))
Anabolic reactions (synthesize complex molecules from small molecules; requires energy (endergonic))
Types of energy transfer?
Oxidation (decrease in the energy content of the molecule; losing e-)
Reduction (increase in the energy content of the molecule; receiving e-)
