Week 8

Question 1

Why is environmental management important?

Answer 1

Workplace health and safety
Communities’ expectation of minimal environmental impacts
Obeying environmental laws and regulations
Financial benefits

Question 2

TBL

Answer 2

Triple bottom line. Environmental, Economic and Social
Considerations

Question 3

What is Environmental Analysis and Management?

Answer 3

A strategic tool and decision-making process;
To identify the major elements affecting environmental performance of a process;
To evaluate the environmental impacts of the elements;
To help select processes having a smaller environmentalfootprint; and meet environmental regulations;
To develop and implement the effective strategies for maintaining and improving the environmental performance of an organisation.

Question 4

Engineering ethics

Answer 4

Morality system.
Examine Engineers Australia, Institution of engineers and institution of chemical engineers

Question 5

Greenhouse effect

Question 6

Enhanced GHE

Answer 6

Due to excessive emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG)

Question 7

Impacts of the enhanced GHE?

Answer 7

Global Warming - The average temperature of the Earth will rise
Climate Change - Droughts, Extremes of weather will occur (ie., hurricanes and storms), Melting of the polar ice caps; increase of sea level, Floods

Question 8

Kyoto Protocol 1997

Answer 8

Developed countries committed to GHG reduction targets
Australia’s target: limit growth to 108% of 1990 level over 2008-2012
Japan, EU, most other countries agreed to reductions
Need 55 countries (which account for >55% of 1990 emissions) to ratify before protocol is legally binding
As of 14 Jan 2009 in force, 183 countries/other governmental entities agreed
Requires reduction (by 0~8% of 1990 level) or undertake emissions trading so stabilise GHG levels so min. effect on climate

Question 9

How to meet Kyoto Protocol

Answer 9

How meet commitments?
Reduce GHG emissions
Use Kyoto Mechanisms - International emissions trading & Clean development
Greenhouse sinks

Question 10

Montreal Protocol

Answer 10

Substances that deplete ozone layer
Signed 1987, amended 1990, 1992
Production and consumption of compounds that deplete ozone in stratosphere to be phased out by 2000 (2005 for chloroform)

Question 11

Function of ozone layer?

Answer 11

To prevent UV radition

Question 12

Ozone layer depleters:

Answer 12

CFCs
Halons (haloalkanes usually containing Br)
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform

Question 13

Possible wats to be more sustainable energy use in processing plants

Answer 13

Energy and water conservation
Maximise energy efficiency eg. waste heat recovery
Renewable energy supplies with lower environ impact
“Clean technology”
Carbon sequestration
Emissions trading

Question 14

Nuclear Energy advantages

Answer 14

High Efficiency Level
high density, less fuel.
Abundant Supply - Uranium enough supply
Environment-friendly
Lower greenhouse emissions.
4. Low Maintenance

Question 15

Nuclear Energy disadvantages

Answer 15

Nuclear radiation is extremely dangerous
High safety standards are needed
Waste materials stay radioactive for thousands of years