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1070 Health Promotion & Caring for Patients > Week 8-13 > Flashcards

Week 8-13 Flashcards

1
Q

Public Health Definition

A
  • Organized effects of society to keep people healthy
  • Prevent illness, injury & premature death
  • Combination of programs, services & policies that protect & promote health of all citizens
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2
Q

Functions of Care

A
  • Assessment & surveillance
  • Health promotion
  • Policy development
  • Disease prevention
  • Emergency management
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3
Q

Levels of Prevention

A
  • Primordial
  • Primary
  • Secondary
  • Tertiary
  • Quaternary
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4
Q

Primordial Prevention

A
  • Promote health through upstream approach
  • Uses risk factor identification
  • Development of policy & public awareness to avoid injury & illness
  • At a distal level
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5
Q

Primary Prevention

A
  • Proximal level
  • Risk factors may occur but not yet
  • Preventing/reducing risk
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6
Q

Secondary Prevention

A
  • Slow/stop progression
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7
Q

Tertiary Prevention

A
  • Limit disability
  • Rehabilitate & restore
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8
Q

Quaternary Prevention

A
  • Identifying individuals possibly at risk for medical mishaps
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9
Q

Harm Reduction

A
  • Philosophy/approach to health care delivery, programs, policies
  • Implemented to protect health & reduce secondary harm
  • Goal isn’t cessation but reducing harm
  • Requires a non-judgemental approach
  • Recognize social issues of high-risk behaviors
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10
Q

Population Health

A
  • Understand & improve health of entire population
  • Takes action to improve root cause(s)
  • Considering mental & social wellbeing
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11
Q

Interventions for Population Health

A
  • Change health of population using different strategies
  • Healthy public policies & program development
  • Creating supportive environment
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12
Q

Health Public Policy in Public Health

A
  • Advocacy for health, income, environmental & social policy
  • Foster greater equity
  • Increases health resources
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13
Q

Supportive Environment in Public Health

A
  • Safe, stimulating, satisfying, enjoyable
  • Aids environment
  • Generating healthy living working & playing conditions
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14
Q

Personal Skills in Public Health

A
  • Supporting personal development through provision of information
  • Health education
  • Increase options for individuals to exercise control over their health
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15
Q

Reorienting in Public Health

A
  • Moving beyond health sectors responsibility for providing clinical & curative services
  • Health promotion sensitive to needs of community
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16
Q

Indicators of Population Health

A
  • Measure health of populations
  • Closely link to SDoH
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17
Q

Epidemiology of Population Health

A
  • Study of distribution factors that determine population health-related events
  • Explore disease & health patterns
  • Determine influence & health outcomes
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18
Q

Public Health Nursing

A
  • Focuses on vulnerable populations
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19
Q

Standards of Public Health

A
  • Chronic disease prevention & wellbeing
  • Infectious disease prevention & control
  • Substance abuse & injury prevention
  • Healthy growth & development
  • Safe water
  • Food safety
  • Immunizations
  • School health
  • Healthy environments
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20
Q

Body Image

A
  • Mental picture individual forms of their body
  • Influences sense of sexual being
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21
Q

Body Esteem

A
  • Emotional consequence of body image
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22
Q

Body Perception

A
  • Satisfies or dissatisfies feelings
  • Negative associated with depression, eating disorders, lack of sexual desire & satisfaction
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23
Q

Sexuality Encompasses

A
  • Gender
  • Identity
  • Roles
  • Sexual orientation
  • Eroticism
  • Pleasure
  • Intimacy
  • Reproduction
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24
Q

Sexuality Health

A
  • State of physical, emotional, mental & social wellbeing related to sexuality
  • Characterized by positive & respectful approach to sexuality & sexual relationships
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25
Q

Adolescence Sexuality

A
  • Explore primary sexual orientation
  • Self-esteem, constantly comparing to media images (result in dangerous social & sexual behaviors)
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26
Q

Gender

A
  • Biological sex, physical body parts (male/female)
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27
Q

Gender Expression

A
  • Demonstration of gender
  • Clothing, actions & demeanor
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28
Q

Gender Identity

A
  • Individual definition & understanding of individual gender
  • Based on options of gender
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29
Q

Intersex Gender

A
  • Born with reproductive/sexual anatomy not fitting typical definitions of (male/female)
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30
Q

Heterosexism

A
  • Belief in inherent superiority & normality of heterosexuality
  • Assuming everyone must be heterosexual
  • Marginalizing those who identify otherwise
  • Foundation of homophobia
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31
Q

LGBTQ+ Experiences with Health Care

A
  • Fear of harassment, discrimination, violence
  • Avoidance of routine healthcare services
  • Difficulty finding competent services
  • Lack of knowledge of own health issues/risks
  • High levels of stress, stigma, social isolation
  • Burden of illness & poverty
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32
Q

People of LGBTQ+ Community Feel

A
  • Rejection/abuse
  • Ostracized/lack of support
  • Distant
  • Bulling/harassment
  • Unaccepted/unvalued feelings
  • Low support for healthy body image
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33
Q

Health Organizations & LGBTQ+

A
  • Lack training & policies
  • Lack of knowledge & health disparities
  • Unsafe
  • Not health promoted
  • Discomfort/silent environment
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34
Q

LGBTQ+ & Policies

A
  • Not included in large population-based surveys
  • Health research focuses on gay men & HIV
  • Knowledge gaps in health status & specific concerns
  • Little capacity for research & public policy work
  • Culture invisibility
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35
Q

Addressing LGBTQ+ Health Feels

A
  • Embarrassing
  • Inadequate training
  • Patient bringing up subject
  • Invasion of privacy
  • Poor interventions
  • No referrals
  • Not an important concern
  • Increased patient anxiety
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36
Q

Nurse Responsibilities in LGBTQ+ Healthcare

A
  • Avoid assumptions
  • Change pronoun language
  • Convey open, caring & non-judgemental manner
  • Sensitive & appropriate verbal/non-verbal communication
  • Focus on sexual preferences & experiences
  • Understand burden of homophobia & interaction with racism, sexism
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37
Q

Spirituality Definition

A
  • Relationship with god/higher power/supreme values
  • Relationship with self, others & environment
  • Key element of hope
  • Interconnectedness
  • Relates inner knowing & source of strength reflected in being, knowing & doing
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38
Q

Spiritual Care Definiton

A
  • Awareness of personal spirituality & spiritual wellbeing
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39
Q

Self-Spirituality Components

A
  • Inner strength
  • Self-resilience
  • Self-knowledge
  • Attitudes
  • Trust
  • Peace of mind
  • Harmony of self
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40
Q

Nature Spirituality

A
  • Knowing about plants, wildlife, weather, elements of physical environment
  • Communicating & preserving nature
  • Connection/relationship with world
  • Enhances capacity to cope with illness
  • Harmony with world
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41
Q

Spirituality with Others

A
  • Sharing time, knowledge, resources & reciprocating
  • Caring for children, elderly, sick
  • Reaffirming living & death individuals
  • Support network
42
Q

Deity Spirituality

A
  • Religious/non-religious
  • Prayer/meditation
  • Being in nature
  • Religious articles
  • Church participation
43
Q

Religion

A
  • Organized system of worship
  • Path of spiritual fulfillment
  • Belief, rituals, practices
44
Q

Religion & Spirituality

A
  • Distinct concepts
  • Overlap for some individuals
45
Q

Health Challenges of Spirituality

A
  • Time of spiritual renewal/disconnectedness
  • Discovery of inner strengths
  • Meaning & purpose of life are questioned
46
Q

Spirituality in Nursing

A
  • Struggle to conceptualize spirituality
  • Recognize importance to patients
  • Caring presence
  • Speaking & hearing of spiritual concerns through patient life story
47
Q

Spiritual Caregiving

A
  • Fostering integrity
  • Promoting interpersonal bonding
  • Respecting & enhancing personal quests for meaning
  • Significance of existential experience
48
Q

Patient Story of Spirituality

A
  • Meaning of illness to patient
  • Coping aid
  • Effects of illness on relationship, activities, self, family, work
49
Q

Spirituality Concepts

A
  • Ways of knowing & acquiring knowledge
  • Context/culture affecting client care
  • Time (past, present, future) expectations, memories, experiences
  • Transitioning from one state to next state
  • Personal meaning finding reliance, making connections, constructing perception on reality
50
Q

Spirituality Integration

A
  • Component of self
  • Incorporate into daily care
  • Listen to patient stories & concerns
  • Listen for cues to lead discussion of spirituality
51
Q

Culture Definition

A
  • Patterned behavioural response developed overtime
  • Through social & religious customs
  • Intellectual & artist activity
  • Passed down through generations
  • Dynamic, everchanging
52
Q

Components of Culture

A
  • Language
  • Ethnicity
  • Spiritual
  • Religious beliefs
  • Socioeconomic status
  • Gender
  • Orientation
  • Age
  • Group history
  • Education
  • Location
  • Experiences
53
Q

Visible Elements of Culture

A
  • Artifacts & behaviors
54
Q

Invisible Elements of Culture

A
  • Norms
  • Beliefs
  • Values
  • Assumptions
55
Q

Value Definition

A
  • Personal belief about worth of given idea, attitude, custom or object
  • Sets standards
  • Influences behavior
56
Q

Belief Definition

A
  • Opinion/conviction in truth/experience of something without positive knowledge or rigours proof
  • Interpretation/conclusion that accepts 1 truth
57
Q

Assumption Definition

A
  • Ideas/beliefs taken for granted
  • Automatically accepted as truth
  • Thought to derive from evidence/experience
  • Created from personal experience
  • Told until believed to be the truth
58
Q

Healthcare Bias’s

A
  • Education
  • Ableism
  • Age
  • Sex & gender
  • Sexual identity
  • Racial
  • Socioeconomic status
  • Overweight & obesity
  • Geographical location
59
Q

Culturally Sensitive Care

A
  • Important component of patient centered care
  • Reflect on self & patient beliefs, values, culture
  • Relationship of culture & biopsychosocial needs to healthcare
  • Acknowledge bias, assumptions, beliefs & norms
60
Q

Cultural Humility

A
  • Ability to maintain interpersonal stance open to other in relation to cultural identity
  • Understand cultural competency as practice/process
  • Commitment to self-evaluation & self-critique
  • Fixes power imbalances
  • Develops partnerships with advocating groups
61
Q

Cultural Humility Components

A
  • Lifelong motivation to learn from others
  • Critical self-examination of cultural awareness
  • Interpersonal respect
  • Developing mutual partnerships that address power imbalances
  • Other-oriented stance
  • Open to new cultural information
62
Q

Competence

A
  • Right to cultural & clinically appropriate care delivery
  • Accepting & respecting of cultural differences
  • Adapting care congruent with client culture
63
Q

Safety

A
  • Critical understanding that recognizes cultures are dynamic & constantly shifting
  • Working towards creating safe feeling for client
64
Q

Safety Promotion

A
  • Recognize, respect & nurture unique/dynamic cultural identities
  • Safely meet needs, expectations & rights given unique client context of life
65
Q

Reflexivity

A
  • Holding up scrutiny for own & others knowledge, claims, assumptions & practices
  • Scrutinizing own knowledge, bias of practice, checking assumptions
66
Q

Nursing Practice with Culture

A
  • Open minded
  • Avoid assumptions
  • Inquire into client situations
  • Non-judgemental acceptance
  • Honesty
  • Curiosity
  • Communicate in languages spoken & understood
67
Q

Components of Self-Identity

A
  • Interactions with others
  • Surrounding groups
  • Roles we assume
  • Personal labels
  • Parents
68
Q

Self-Concept

A
  • Collection of beliefs, values & attributes held about oneself in relation to self-perception & others
  • Reflected appraisal
  • Social comparison
  • Description of one’s roles
69
Q

Social Comparison

A
  • Evaluating ourselves compared to others
70
Q

Reflected Appraisal

A
  • Developed based on how others see us
71
Q

Self-Esteem

A
  • Values placed upon self
  • Feelings on description of self
  • Impactful variable of self-concept
72
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need Theory

A
  • Self-actualization
  • Esteem
  • Loving/belonging
  • Physiological
73
Q

Gender Differences in Self-Esteem

A
  • People differ in primary source of self-esteem
  • Male’s gain from objective success
  • Females gain from relationship success
  • Females tend to have lower body image satisfaction
74
Q

Positive Benefits of Self-Esteem

A
  • Psychologically happy & healthy
  • Feel good about self
  • Able to cope effectively with challenges
  • Believe people value & respect them
75
Q

Negative Consequences of Self-Esteem

A
  • Psychologically distressed
  • View world negatively
  • Risk for depression, shyness, loneliness & alienation
76
Q

Self-Ideal

A
  • Certain standard for individual behavior
  • Creates self-expectations to conform towards
77
Q

Incongruences

A
  • When reality doesn’t match up to self-concept
  • Roots from childhood (parent influence)
78
Q

Carl Rogers

A
  • Self-image, how you see yourself (coincide with/not with reality)
  • Self-esteem, how much you value yourself
  • Ideal self, how you wish you could be
  • Actual & ideal self are similar = positive self-concept & self-esteem
79
Q

Self-Awareness

A
  • Dynamic, transformative process of self
  • Multidimensional introspective process
  • Use of self-insights & presence knowledge to guide behavior
  • Genuine & authentic to create healing interpersonal environment
  • Conscious process of pondering who we are
  • Cognizant & reflective of own thoughts, feelings, attitudes, attributes & actions
80
Q

Origins of Self-Awareness

A
  • Area of study since earliest scholars
  • Debated existence/location of mind
  • Inspection & intentionality
81
Q

Antecedents

A
  • Cognitive dissonance in thoughts/emotions
  • Needs cues/stimuli to raise need for change to level of conscious awareness
82
Q

Attribute Definition

A
  • Characteristics defining a phenomenon & differentiate in from others
83
Q

Attributes of Nurses

A
  • Introspection
  • Dynamic processing
  • Understanding of emotions, values, beliefs, attitudes & behaviors
  • Guidepost supporting change behaviors & actions
84
Q

Consequence Definition

A
  • Present or result of occurrence of phenomenon
85
Q

Postive Consequences

A
  • Increased insight into values, attitudes, prejudices, beliefs, assumptions, feelings
  • Increased sense of control (choosing response)
  • Discovery of own path without final destination
86
Q

Countertransference

A
  • Redirection of nurse’s feelings towards client
87
Q

Interconnected Concepts

A
  • Reflection
  • Self-knowing
  • Personal knowing
  • Self-understanding
  • Emotional intelligence
88
Q

Nursing Evolution of Self-Awareness

A
  • Practice drew heavily from psychological theories
  • Nurse scholars understand its insufficient to just understand client needs
  • Peplau created paradigm shift
  • Self is essential tool to therapeutic relationship
  • Rogers self-awareness necessary for therapeutic interactions
  • Peplau self-insight essential tool in all nurse-client relationships
89
Q

Self-Awareness in Nursing

A
  • Encompasses notation of intrapersonal process of self-discovery
  • Involves cognitive, affective & behavioral interrelated activities
90
Q

Layers of Self-Awareness

A
  • Superficial
  • Selective
  • Deep
91
Q

Superficial Self-Awareness

A
  • Aware of obvious aspects of self
92
Q

Selective Self-Awareness

A
  • Awareness of things believed to be needed to be aware of
93
Q

Deep Self-Awareness

A
  • Involves issues known only to oneself
94
Q

Development of Self-Awareness

A
  • Introspection
  • Feedback
  • Self-sharing
  • Increased vulnerability, non-judgemental attitude
95
Q

CNO on Reflection

A
  • Practice refection expands greater than thinking about practice e
  • Intentional process of thinking, analyzing & learning
  • Identify learning needs
  • Commitment to action
96
Q

CNO Standard

A
  • Able to provide safe, competent, ethical care
97
Q

Resiliency

A
  • Ability to function with healthy response trough stress & adversity
  • Biological & psychosocial characteristics (personality style & interpersonal relationships)
98
Q

Benefits of Reflection to Nursing Practice

A
  • Improved critical thinking
  • Empowerment
  • Greater self-awareness
  • Personal & professional growth
99
Q

Benefits of Nurse Reflection to Clients

A
  • Improved quality of care
  • Improved client outcomes
100
Q

Conditions for Self-Reflection

A
  • Belief of no end point in learning
  • Willingness to learn
  • Motivation to change
  • Open-mindedness
  • Courage to act

1070 Health Promotion & Caring for Patients (2 decks)

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