Week 1-6 Flashcards
1
Q
Health is Dynamic
A
- connection between an individual and their environment
- Influenced by the environment or context of the person’s life
- Includes physical, emotional, social, and spiritual aspects
2
Q
Canada Health Act (1984)
A
– all people are guaranteed access to health care regardless of employment, income, or health
3
Q
4 Key Elements of Canada Health Act
A
- Availability
- Accessibility
- Acceptability (ethical, gender-sensitive, culturally appropriate
- Quality
4
Q
Definition of Health
A
- Health according to the medical model is the absence of disease
- Dominant deeply entrenched perspective on health
- State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”
5
Q
Health is a
A
- consequence of the interdependence between the individual and the family, community, culture, and physical and social environments
- Ability to lead a socially and economically productive life
- holistic experience
- resource for daily living / an asset – not an end in itself
6
Q
Major Approaches to Understanding Health
A
- Medical (medical factors & family history)
- Behavioural (product of making healthy life choices)
- Socioenvironmental (health, political, social & cultural forces with direct & indirect impact)
7
Q
Equity
A
- fair distribution of resources based on NEED
8
Q
Primary Care
A
- focus on first point of contact with health care system
- focus on acute care and treatment
- current funding systems favour this model – first point of care is the physician
- this is a costly system
- missing holistic aspect of care
- looking merely at the biomedical model
9
Q
Primary Health Care
A
- health care philosophy and a model for health care reform
- Health promotion is considered a part of both primary care and primary health care
- social movement that realigns resources to address the determinants of health for all
10
Q
Principles of Primary Health Care
A
- Accessibility
- Public participation
- Health promotion
- Appropriate technology
- Inter-sectorial cooperation
11
Q
Difference Between Primary Care & Primary Health Care
A
- Primary care is the first point of access to the health care system and is medical care
- Primary health care is a holistic model of care that includes primary care
12
Q
Equality
A
- everyone receives same standard of care
13
Q
Ottawa Charter
A
- Places responsibility of health on society
- Social, environmental, political influences beyond personal/lifestyle choices
- Prerequisites for health (peace, equity, social justice, sustainable resources)
14
Q
Social Determinants of Health Definition
A
The economic and social conditions that influence the health of individuals, communities, and jurisdictions …[and] determine the extent to which a person possesses the physical, social, and personal resources to identify and achieve personal aspirations, satisfy needs, and cope with the environment
15
Q
Impact of Physical Environment
A
- Exposure to chemical & air pollution, climate change, diseased microbes, lack of access to healthcare, poor infrastructure, poor water quality
16
Q
Impact of Poor Access to Health Care
A
- Unmet health needs
- Delays in receiving appropriate care
- Inability to receive preventive services, more preventable disease & disability
- Financial burden
- Poor management of chronic disease
- Premature death
- Quality health care access important to maintain & promote health
17
Q
Importance of Income
A
- Most influential determinant of health
- Impacts other determinants (food, housing, prerequisites for health)
- Predisposes to material & social deprivation (social exclusion, education)
18
Q
Impacts of Access to Education
A
ncreases overall literacy & understanding of self-health promotion
- Higher parental education, better child academic performance (occupation)
- Good education = better school environment
19
Q
Health Literacy
A
- Ability to read, understand & act upon health information - Medicated by education, culture, language & communication of healthcare professionals
20
Q
Impact of Low Health Literacy
A
- more hospital stays
- higher mortality rates
- more ER visits
21
Q
Impact of Racism
A
- Higher rates of illness & death
- Lack of access (geography) & money
- Communication barriers
22
Q
Impact of Early Childhood Experiences
A
- Critical stages pf physical/emotional development
- Fundamental in creating health foundation for adult health
- Healthy attachments, stimulation, activities & quality childcare
23
Q
Miskasowin Definition
A
- World view of unique, personal experiences (choices individual & surrounding) result of circumstances lives have
- Our TRUE self (unique way of being in the world & unique perspective)
- Respecting & allowing space (trauma-informed practice)
- We can’t speak for other people because everyone has their own worldview.
24
Q
Misconceptions of Indigenous People
A
- Taxes (lazy, socially parasitic & unworthy of basic human rights)
- Free housing (reserve housing purchase, rent and non-profit)
- Drunks (react to alcohol same way everyone does)
- Level playing field (no break between past & present, equality does not mean THE SAME)
25
Q
Stereotypes of Indigenous People
A
- Media highlights people struggling, third world conditions, unheard activists
- Angry, overlooked, downtrodden people
- NOT helpless or ALL knowing, despite loss & trauma of colonization
26
Q
Importance of Indigenous People
A
- We are all interconnected (not just families of ingenious home community)
- Humanity, plants, animals, waterways, soli, rocks, earth
- Responsibility to them and them to us
27
Q
Indian Act
A
- assimilate indigenous peoples
28
Q
Defining Attributes of Social Justice (CNA)
A
- Equity (including health equity)
- Human rights (including the right to health)
- Democracy and civil rights
- Capacity building
- Just institutions
- Enabling environments
- Poverty reduction
- Ethical practice
- Advocacy
- Partnerships
29
Q
Social Justice Definition
A
Equity in society means the equitable, or fair, distribution of society’s benefits, responsibilities, and their consequences. It focuses on the relative position of the social advantage of one individual or social group in relation to others in society, as well as one of the root causes of inequities and what can be done to eliminate them
30
Q
Microaggressions
A
- everyday verbal, nonverbal, and environmental slights, snubs, or insults
- intentional or unintentional
- communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative messages
- target persons based solely upon their marginalized group membership
31
Q
Forms of Racism
A
- Institutionalized racism, is embedded in institutions such as healthcare and education (government inaction)
- Personally-mediated racism, is prejudice and discrimination
- Internalized racism, is when those who are stigmatized accept these messages about their abilities and lack of worth
32
Q
Systemic Racism
A
- Institutions or systems create or maintain racial inequity often as a result of hidden institutional biases in policies, practices, and procedures that privilege some groups and disadvantage others.
33
Q
Promotion of Social Justice
A
- Advocacy (speaking out against inequity & inequality)
- Be aware of & address inequities, injustice & racism
- Protect, stand up for, defend patients, families & those without a voice
- Self-efficacy, belief to perform behaviour to produce desired outcome
34
Q
Environmental Injustice
A
- Inadequate access to healthy food, transportation
- Unsafe homes
- Air & water pollution exposure
35
Q
Does Treating Everyone the Same Equal Fairness
A
- Everyone has equal opportunity to benefit
- Different situations call for different treatment
36
Q
Policy Definition
A
- Principle of action adopted or proposed by government, party, business, individual
- Guidelines, rules, regulations, laws, principles, or directions
37
Q
Healthy Public Policy
A
- Promote positive effects on health through new policies or policy change
- Set a direction of resources for action of common good
- Shape how money, power & material resources flow through society
- Education, agriculture (funding of all government levels)
38
Q
Neoliberalism
A
- An approach to economics and social studies in which control of economic factors is shifted from the public sector to the private sector
- Minimizes government intervention & social support programs
39
Q
Hegemony
A
- Predominant influence/domination
- Social, cultural, ideological, economical influence by dominant group
- Maintain status quo (patient compliance, physicians are gatekeepers of healthcare)
40
Q
Counter Hegemony
A
- Awareness of existing power relations that maintain status quo
- Actions of challenging/changing existing structures to achieve new reality
41
Q
Activism in Nursing
A
- Emphasize nurse-patient relationship
- Advocating for policy
- Inadequate skills/lack of political competence is a barrier to engaging in advocacy
42
Q
RNAO in Public Policy
A
- influence & promote healthy public policy
43
Q
CNA in Public Policy
A
- suggests a fundamental shift in how health and health care is funded, managed, and delivered in Canada
44
Q
Eco Health
A
- how the environment influences human health and disease
- addresses all the physical, chemical, and biological factors external to a person, and all the related factors impacting behaviours
- Involves assessing and controlling environmental factors that can potentially affect health
- disease (or injury) prevention and creation of environments that are supportive of health
45
Q
Contributing Factors to Climate Change
A
- Deforestation (cleared vast areas of forest for colonization)
- Habitat fragmentation (displaced animals, isolated with no mates/food)
- Sprawl (more space for civilization, paving over natural world)
- Water control (river dams & artificial lakes impact surrounding land & people)
- Fossil fuels (greenhouse gases)
46
Q
Health Implications of Climate Change
A
- Floods (contaminate water supply, displace people, infections, disease, injury)
- Droughts (economic damage, heat stress, depleted soil, starvation, contaminated water)
- Hurricanes (mental health, disease, injury, death, water contamination, pollutants)
47
Q
Greenhouse Gases
A
- Caused by fossil fuels
- Contributing to rising earth temperature
- Affects weather patterns (global warming/climate change)
- Less heat escapes earth
48
Q
Global Warming
A
- Caused by fossil fuels
- Contributing to rising earth temperature
- Affects weather patterns (global warming/climate change)
- Less heat escapes earth
49
Q
Environmental Racism
A
- Disproportionate burden of environmental hazards
- Systemic policies placing low income/color communities in poor health conditions
- Higher risk of serious health problems
50
Q
RNAO Calls to Action in Climate Change
A
- Reduce consumption through conservation
- Increase reliance on renewable energy
- Strategic use of natural gas for peak needs
- Cancel plans for nuclear plants
- Closure of coal plants (ACTUALLY HAPPENED)
51
Q
CNA in Climate Change
A
- Important determinant of health (profonde impact on individual health)
- Nurses need to promote & support actions of healthy environment
52
Q
Nursing Interventions for Climate Change
A
- Explain relationship between harmful environmental exposures and health
- Guide in risk reduction at individual/local/community/global level
- Advocacy to develop policies that improve environmental health
- Work with community partners: advocate, inform, consult, involve in risk-reduction
- Individual/population risk assessment
- Risk communication
- Epidemiological investigation
53
Q
R’s of Environmental Pollution Risk Reduction
A
- Reduce
- Reuse
- Recycle
- Recover
