Week 1-6 Flashcards
Health is Dynamic
- connection between an individual and their environment
- Influenced by the environment or context of the person’s life
- Includes physical, emotional, social, and spiritual aspects
Canada Health Act (1984)
– all people are guaranteed access to health care regardless of employment, income, or health
4 Key Elements of Canada Health Act
- Availability
- Accessibility
- Acceptability (ethical, gender-sensitive, culturally appropriate
- Quality
Definition of Health
- Health according to the medical model is the absence of disease
- Dominant deeply entrenched perspective on health
- State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”
Health is a
- consequence of the interdependence between the individual and the family, community, culture, and physical and social environments
- Ability to lead a socially and economically productive life
- holistic experience
- resource for daily living / an asset – not an end in itself
Major Approaches to Understanding Health
- Medical (medical factors & family history)
- Behavioural (product of making healthy life choices)
- Socioenvironmental (health, political, social & cultural forces with direct & indirect impact)
Equity
- fair distribution of resources based on NEED
Primary Care
- focus on first point of contact with health care system
- focus on acute care and treatment
- current funding systems favour this model – first point of care is the physician
- this is a costly system
- missing holistic aspect of care
- looking merely at the biomedical model
Primary Health Care
- health care philosophy and a model for health care reform
- Health promotion is considered a part of both primary care and primary health care
- social movement that realigns resources to address the determinants of health for all
Principles of Primary Health Care
- Accessibility
- Public participation
- Health promotion
- Appropriate technology
- Inter-sectorial cooperation
Difference Between Primary Care & Primary Health Care
- Primary care is the first point of access to the health care system and is medical care
- Primary health care is a holistic model of care that includes primary care
Equality
- everyone receives same standard of care
Ottawa Charter
- Places responsibility of health on society
- Social, environmental, political influences beyond personal/lifestyle choices
- Prerequisites for health (peace, equity, social justice, sustainable resources)
Social Determinants of Health Definition
The economic and social conditions that influence the health of individuals, communities, and jurisdictions …[and] determine the extent to which a person possesses the physical, social, and personal resources to identify and achieve personal aspirations, satisfy needs, and cope with the environment
Impact of Physical Environment
- Exposure to chemical & air pollution, climate change, diseased microbes, lack of access to healthcare, poor infrastructure, poor water quality
Impact of Poor Access to Health Care
- Unmet health needs
- Delays in receiving appropriate care
- Inability to receive preventive services, more preventable disease & disability
- Financial burden
- Poor management of chronic disease
- Premature death
- Quality health care access important to maintain & promote health
Importance of Income
- Most influential determinant of health
- Impacts other determinants (food, housing, prerequisites for health)
- Predisposes to material & social deprivation (social exclusion, education)
Impacts of Access to Education
ncreases overall literacy & understanding of self-health promotion
- Higher parental education, better child academic performance (occupation)
- Good education = better school environment
Health Literacy
- Ability to read, understand & act upon health information - Medicated by education, culture, language & communication of healthcare professionals
Impact of Low Health Literacy
- more hospital stays
- higher mortality rates
- more ER visits
Impact of Racism
- Higher rates of illness & death
- Lack of access (geography) & money
- Communication barriers
