Week 7.1 Secretion Clearance Flashcards

1
Q

What is cough?

A

Normal clearance mechanism to help clear secretions away from main airways (clears secretion from large airways)

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2
Q

What are the components of a cough: (Effective cough requires?)

A
  • ability to increase lung volume
  • ability to close the glottis (Compressive phase)
  • sufficient respiratory and abdominal strength
  • ability to maintain airway calibre during cough
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3
Q

Why would a huff be used instead of a cough?

A
  • to prevent dynamic airway collapsing
  • limited by pain, exhaustion
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4
Q

Huffing from high lung volumes clear secretions in which area?

A

Proximal airways (Central and larger)

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5
Q

Huffing from high lung volumes clear secretions in which area?

A

Distal airways

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6
Q

What is FET (Forced expiratory technique) ?

A
  • a huff combined with relaxed diaphragmatic breathing
  • Involvement of breathing control -> 1-2 huffs -> Breathing control (Can be modified)
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7
Q

What does breathing control minimise?

A
  • minimises airway compression/collapse
  • minimise airflow obstruction
  • minimise fatigue
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8
Q

What is ACBT (Active cycle breathing technique) ?

A
  • involvement of Breathing Control, Thoracic Expansion Exercise, and Huff/cough
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9
Q

The addition of TEE in ACBT helps prevent and maintain?

A
  • helps maintain alveolar volume
  • prevents collapse of airways and alveoli
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10
Q

What is Percussion?

A
  • Application of mechanical force to the chest wall with a cupped hand
  • helps move phlegm to larger airways - so you can cough it easier
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11
Q

Is Percussion effective in little to no secretions? True or false

A

False

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12
Q

What is Vibrations?

A
  • application of oscillatory and compressive force (also related to mechanical energy)
  • helps shear of (lessen stickiness) of mucus in the airways
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13
Q

What are the Contraindications and Precautions of percussion and vibration?

A
  • fractured ribs
  • franks haemoptysis (Coughing blood)
  • Rib Ca
  • Bronchospasm (?)
  • haemodynamic instability
  • severe osteoporosis
  • low platelet levels
  • raised ICP
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14
Q

Percussion should not be used in patients with high or low secretions?

A
  • Should not be used in patients with low or scant secretions
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15
Q

What is postural drainage?

A
  • The use of gravity to assist the clearance and secretions from lung segments
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16
Q

What is PEP (positive expiratory pressure)?

A
  • a mechanical device that increases resistance to airflow-> positive expiratory pressure in the airways during expiration
  • helps significantly with Collateral ventilation
17
Q

What is the rationale behind PEP?

A
  • when there is an increase in resistance to the ordinary route,, resistance in collateral channels distal to the obstruction is relatively reduced
  • greater air enters collateral channels during inspiration than escapes during expiration
  • better lung volume, better alveolar ventilation, and recruitment atelectatic lungs
18
Q

What is flutter/acapella

A
  • mechanical device that applies variable resistance to airflow (Oscillation is angle dependent)