Week 7 - Urinary (Renal) System Flashcards
The function of the proximal convoluted tubule is
Select one:
a. filtration
b. adjusting the urine volume
c. absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins and water
d. secretion of drugs
c
The juxtaglomerular apparatus is responsible for:
Select one:
a. reabsorption of organic molecules, vitamins, and water.
b. regulating the rate of filtrate formation and controlling systemic blood pressure.
c. the secretion of acids and ammonia.
d. the secretion of drugs.
b
The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is:
Select one:
a. the nephron.
b. the loop of Henle.
c. Bowman’s capsule.
d. the basement membrane of the capillaries.
a
The renal corpuscle is made up of:
Select one:
a. Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus.
b. the renal pyramid.
c. the descending loop of Henle.
d. the renal papilla.
a
While the kidneys process about 180 L of blood-derived fluids daily, the amount that actually leaves the body is:
Select one:
a. 100 L
b. all of the 180 L
c. 50% or 90 L
d. 1% or 1.8 L
d
Urine passes through the:
Select one:
a. hilus to urethra to bladder.
b. kidney hilus to the bladder to the ureter.
c. pelvis of the kidney to ureter to bladder to urethra.
d. glomerulus to ureter to renal tubule.
c
Which of the following is not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule?
Select one:
a. creatinine
b. glucose
c. K+
d. Na+
a
Select the correct statement about the ureters.
Select one:
a. The ureter is innervated by parasympathetic nerve endings only.
b. The ureters are capable of peristalsis like that of the gastrointestinal tract.
c. Ureters contain sphincters at the entrance to the bladder to prevent the backflow of urine.
d. The epithelium is stratified squamous like the skin, which allows a great deal of stretch.
b
Which gland sits atop each kidney?
Select one:
a. pituitary
b. pancreas
c. thymus
d. adrenal
d
The chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood across the filtration membrane is:
Select one:
a. glomerular hydrostatic pressure (glomerular blood pressure).
b. the design and size of the podocytes.
c. the thickness of the capillary endothelium.
d. the size of the pores in the basement membrane of the capillaries.
a
The main factor favouring filtrate formation at the glomerulus
Select one:
a. Partial pressure of oxygen
b. body temperature
c. the glomerular hydrostatic pressure
d. the myogenic mechanism
c
The region known as the macula densa
Select one:
a. loop of Henle
b. collecting duct
c. proximal convoluted tubule
d. distal convoluted tubule
d
The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because:
Select one:
a. it stabilizes the position of the kidneys by holding them in their normal position.
b. it produces vitamin D.
c. it ensures adequate energy for the adrenal glands to operate efficiently.
d. it is necessary as a barrier between the adrenal glands and kidneys.
a
Which statement is true about urine?
Select one:
a. Urine has a yellow colour due to the presence of haemoglobin
b. Urine has nitrogenous waste such as urea and uric acid
c. Urine is usually slightly alkaline
d. Urine has an ammonia-like odour when fresh
b
The Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus make up the
Select one:
a. renal papilla
b. renal corpuscle
c. loop of Henle
d. renal pyramid
b
Which one of the following structures form the last part of nephron?
Select one:
a. collecting duct
b. loop of Henle
c. distal convoluted tubule
d. proximal convoluted tubule
a
The urinary bladder is composed of ________ epithelium.
Select one:
a. pseudostratified columnar
b. transitional
c. simple squamous
d. stratified squamous
b
Select the correct statement about the nephrons.
Select one:
a. The substances are filtered, reabsorbed and secreted in the glomerulus
b. The substances are only filtered but not resorbed or secreted in the glomerulus
c. The substances are filtered and reabsorbed in the glomerulus
d. The substances are reabsorbed and secreted in the glomerulus
b
Place the following in the correct sequence from the formation of a drop of urine to its elimination from the body.
- major calyx 2. minor calyx 3. nephron 4. urethra 5. ureter 6. collecting duct
Select one:
a. 3, 1, 2, 6, 5, 4
b. 3, 6, 2, 1, 5, 4
c. 6, 3, 2, 1, 5, 4
d. 2, 1, 3, 6, 5, 4
b
The glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body in that it:
Select one:
a. has a basement membrane.
b. is drained by an efferent arteriole.
c. has a blood pressure much lower than other organ systems.
d. is impermeable to most substances.
b
The enzyme renin is responsible for the activation of
Select one:
a. cortisol
b. angiotensin
c. erythropoietin
d. adrenaline
b
The mechanism of water reabsorption by the renal tubules is:
Select one:
a. solvent drag.
b. co-transport with sodium ions.
c. osmosis
d. active transport.
c
Aldosterone:
Select one:
a. functions to increase sodium reabsorption
b. presence increases potassium concentrations in the blood
c. production is greatly influenced by ACTH
d. is secreted by the neurohypophysis
a
The fluid in the glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule is similar to plasma except that it does not contain a significant amount of:
Select one:
a. glucose
b. hormones
c. plasma protein
d. electrolytes
c
