Week 7 - Urinary (Renal) System

Question 1

The function of the proximal convoluted tubule is

Select one:

a. filtration
b. adjusting the urine volume
c. absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins and water
d. secretion of drugs

Answer 1

c

Question 2

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is responsible for:

Select one:

a. reabsorption of organic molecules, vitamins, and water.
b. regulating the rate of filtrate formation and controlling systemic blood pressure.
c. the secretion of acids and ammonia.
d. the secretion of drugs.

Answer 2

b

Question 3

The functional and structural unit of the kidneys is:

Select one:

a. the nephron.
b. the loop of Henle.
c. Bowman’s capsule.
d. the basement membrane of the capillaries.

Answer 3

a

Question 4

The renal corpuscle is made up of:

Select one:

a. Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus.
b. the renal pyramid.
c. the descending loop of Henle.
d. the renal papilla.

Answer 4

a

Question 5

While the kidneys process about 180 L of blood-derived fluids daily, the amount that actually leaves the body is:

Select one:

a. 100 L
b. all of the 180 L
c. 50% or 90 L
d. 1% or 1.8 L

Answer 5

d

Question 6

Urine passes through the:

Select one:

a. hilus to urethra to bladder.
b. kidney hilus to the bladder to the ureter.
c. pelvis of the kidney to ureter to bladder to urethra.
d. glomerulus to ureter to renal tubule.

Answer 6

c

Question 7

Which of the following is not reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule?

Select one:

a. creatinine
b. glucose
c. K+
d. Na+

Answer 7

a

Question 8

Select the correct statement about the ureters.

Select one:
a. The ureter is innervated by parasympathetic nerve endings only.

b. The ureters are capable of peristalsis like that of the gastrointestinal tract.
c. Ureters contain sphincters at the entrance to the bladder to prevent the backflow of urine.
d. The epithelium is stratified squamous like the skin, which allows a great deal of stretch.

Answer 8

b

Question 9

Which gland sits atop each kidney?

Select one:

a. pituitary
b. pancreas
c. thymus
d. adrenal

Answer 9

d

Question 10

The chief force pushing water and solutes out of the blood across the filtration membrane is:

Select one:
a. glomerular hydrostatic pressure (glomerular blood pressure).

b. the design and size of the podocytes.
c. the thickness of the capillary endothelium.
d. the size of the pores in the basement membrane of the capillaries.

Answer 10

a

Question 11

The main factor favouring filtrate formation at the glomerulus

Select one:

a. Partial pressure of oxygen
b. body temperature
c. the glomerular hydrostatic pressure
d. the myogenic mechanism

Answer 11

c

Question 12

The region known as the macula densa

Select one:

a. loop of Henle
b. collecting duct
c. proximal convoluted tubule
d. distal convoluted tubule

Answer 12

d

Question 13

The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because:

Select one:
a. it stabilizes the position of the kidneys by holding them in their normal position.

b. it produces vitamin D.
c. it ensures adequate energy for the adrenal glands to operate efficiently.
d. it is necessary as a barrier between the adrenal glands and kidneys.

Answer 13

a

Question 14

Which statement is true about urine?

Select one:

a. Urine has a yellow colour due to the presence of haemoglobin
b. Urine has nitrogenous waste such as urea and uric acid
c. Urine is usually slightly alkaline
d. Urine has an ammonia-like odour when fresh

Answer 14

b

Question 15

The Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus make up the

Select one:

a. renal papilla
b. renal corpuscle
c. loop of Henle
d. renal pyramid

Answer 15

b

Question 16

Which one of the following structures form the last part of nephron?

Select one:

a. collecting duct
b. loop of Henle
c. distal convoluted tubule
d. proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 16

a

Question 17

The urinary bladder is composed of ________ epithelium.

Select one:

a. pseudostratified columnar
b. transitional
c. simple squamous
d. stratified squamous

Answer 17

b

Question 18

Select the correct statement about the nephrons.

Select one:
a. The substances are filtered, reabsorbed and secreted in the glomerulus

b. The substances are only filtered but not resorbed or secreted in the glomerulus
c. The substances are filtered and reabsorbed in the glomerulus
d. The substances are reabsorbed and secreted in the glomerulus

Answer 18

b

Question 19

Place the following in the correct sequence from the formation of a drop of urine to its elimination from the body.

1. major calyx 2. minor calyx 3. nephron 4. urethra 5. ureter 6. collecting duct

Select one:

a. 3, 1, 2, 6, 5, 4
b. 3, 6, 2, 1, 5, 4
c. 6, 3, 2, 1, 5, 4
d. 2, 1, 3, 6, 5, 4

Answer 19

b

Question 20

The glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body in that it:

Select one:

a. has a basement membrane.
b. is drained by an efferent arteriole.
c. has a blood pressure much lower than other organ systems.
d. is impermeable to most substances.

Answer 20

b

Question 21

The enzyme renin is responsible for the activation of

Select one:

a. cortisol
b. angiotensin
c. erythropoietin
d. adrenaline

Answer 21

b

Question 22

The mechanism of water reabsorption by the renal tubules is:

Select one:

a. solvent drag.
b. co-transport with sodium ions.
c. osmosis
d. active transport.

Answer 22

c

Question 23

Aldosterone:

Select one:

a. functions to increase sodium reabsorption
b. presence increases potassium concentrations in the blood
c. production is greatly influenced by ACTH
d. is secreted by the neurohypophysis

Answer 23

a

Question 24

The fluid in the glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule is similar to plasma except that it does not contain a significant amount of:

Select one:

a. glucose
b. hormones
c. plasma protein
d. electrolytes

Answer 24

c

Question 25

An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to:

Select one:

a. a decrease in the production of ADH.
b. an increase in the production of aldosterone.
c. a decrease in the concentration of the blood plasma.
d. an increase in the production of ADH.

Answer 25

d

Question 26

ADH:

Select one:

a. promotes dehydration.
b. is inhibited by alcohol.
c. increases urine production.
d. is produced in the adenohypophysis.

Answer 26

b

Question 27

Select the correct statement about the nephrons.

Select one:
a. The substances are filtered, reabsorbed and secreted in the glomerulus

b. The substances are only filtered but not resorbed or secreted in the glomerulus
c. The substances are filtered and reabsorbed in the glomerulus
d. The substances are reabsorbed and secreted in the glomerulus

Answer 27

b

Question 28

The function of angiotensin II is to:

Select one:

a. decrease the production of aldosterone.
b. decrease arterial blood pressure.
c. constrict arterioles and increase blood pressure.
d. decrease water absorption.

Answer 28

c

Question 29

Unine pH approximately

Select one:

a. 6-7
b. 9-10
c. 10-12
d. 2-3

Answer 29

a

Question 30

Angiotensin I is converted to Angiotensin II by converting enzymes in the

Select one:

a. lungs
b. kidneys
c. liver
d. heart

Answer 30

a