Week 7: Thorax workshop

Question 1

See page 75, name structures 1-12

Answer 1

1. Descending thoracic aorta
2. Internal thoracic artery
3. Anterior intercostal artery
4. External intercostal membrane
5. Lateral cutaneous branch
6. External intercostal muscle
7. Posterior intercostal artery
8. Intercostal nerve
9. Internal intercostal membrane
10. Parietal pleura
11. Endothoracic fascia
12. Internal intercostal muscle

Question 2

Which dome extends higher? R or L?

Answer 2

Right extends higher (liver pushes it up)

Question 3

What is the upper surface and under surface of the diaphragm lined by?

Answer 3

Upper surface: fused with fibrous pericardium

Under surface: lined by peritoneum

Question 4

What are the openings of the diaphragm and what structures pass through here? (and at what level)

Answer 4

T8: Inferior vena cava, branches of R phrenic N
T10: Oesophagus, ant/post vagal trunks
T12: Aortic hiatus: Aorta, azygous vein, hemiazygous and thoracic duct

Question 5

Where is the parietal layer continuous with the visceral pleura?

Answer 5

As a sleeve around the lung root structures

Question 6

What is the pulmonary ligament?

Answer 6

A double fold of pleura inferior to the lung root structures

Question 7

What is the nerve supply to parietal and visceral pleura?

Answer 7

Shared with the structures they line

Question 8

What are the features of pain referred from the visceral and parietal pleura?

Answer 8

Visceral: dull, poorly localised
Parietal: severe, well localised

Question 9

Which bronchus divides before it reaches the hilum?

Answer 9

R main bronchus

Question 10

What are the location of structures at the hilum of the left lung?

Answer 10

Pulmonary artery: superior
Pulmonary veins: Anterior/inferiorly
Left bronchus: on left

Question 11

What are the location of the structures at the hilum of the R lung?

Answer 11

Pulmonary artery: anterior
Bronchi: on R
Pulmonary veins: anteriorly and inferiorly

Question 12

Where do the coronary arteries run?

Answer 12

In the AV (coronary) sulcus

Question 13

What are the ridged surfaces in the R atrium and ventricule called?

Answer 13

Atrium: musculi pectina
Ventricular: trabeculae carnae

Question 14

What are the arteries of the heart?

Answer 14

Left coronary artery splits int circumflex branch and anterior interventricular branch (becoming the posterior interventricular branch)

Right coronary artery gives off a marginal branch

Question 15

What direction do the upper ribs alter the diameter in respiration?

Lower ribs?

Answer 15

Upper: AP

Lower: transverse

Question 16

Where does the trachea bifurcate?

Answer 16

Manubriosternal junction

Question 17

Where are the apex of the lungs?

Answer 17

2.5cm above the medial 3rd of the clavicles

Question 18

Draw the borders of the lungs

Answer 18

ok

Question 19

Draw the borders of the heart

Answer 19

ok