Week 7 : Musculoskeletal

Question 1

ankylosis

Answer 1

Stiffness or fixation of a joint, usually resulting from
destruction of articular cartilage and subchondral bone
with subsequent tissue scarring

Question 2

ankylosis etiology

Answer 2

chronic joint inflammation

Question 3

atrophy

Answer 3

Decrease in the size of a tissue or organ caused by a
reduction in the number or size of the individual cells;
characterized by decreased circumference and flabby
appearance and leading to decreased function and tone

Question 4

atrophy etiology

Answer 4

Muscle denervation, contracture, and prolonged disuse

as a result of immobilization

Question 5

contracture

Answer 5

Abnormal, usually permanent flexion and fixation of a
muscle or joint; resistance to movement is a result of
fibrosis of supporting soft tissues

Question 6

contracture etiology

Answer 6

Shortening of muscle or ligaments, tightness of soft

tissue, incorrect positioning of immobilized extremity

Question 7

crepitation

Answer 7

Crackling sound or grating sensation as a result of friction

between bones, broken bone, or cartilage bits in joint

Question 8

crepitation etiology

Answer 8

Fracture, dislocation, chronic inflammation, osteoarthritis

Question 9

kyphosis

Answer 9

Forward bending of thoracic spine: exaggerated thoracic

curvature

Question 10

kyphosis etiology

Answer 10

Poor posture, tuberculosis, arthritis, osteoporosis,

growth disturbance of vertebral epiphyses

Question 11

lordosis

Answer 11

Lumbar spinal deformity that results in exaggerated

lumbar curvature

Question 12

lordosis etiology

Answer 12

Secondary to other spinal deformities, muscular
dystrophy, obesity, flexion contracture of hip,
congenital dislocation of hip

Question 13

scoliosis

Answer 13

Deformity resulting from lateral S-shaped curvature of the

thoracic and lumbar spine

Question 14

scoliosis etiology

Answer 14

Idiopathic or congenital condition, fracture or

dislocation, osteomalacia

Question 15

What are the bone cells that function in the breakdown of bone tissue (resorption) called?

Answer 15

osteoclasts

Question 16

To prevent muscle atrophy, the nurse teaches the client with a
leg immobilized in traction to perform which of the following
manoeuvres?

Answer 16

isometric contraction

Question 17

A client with bursitis of the shoulder asks the nurse what the bursa
does. What does the nurse tell the client about the function of
the bursa?

Answer 17

Bursae relieve friction between moving parts

Question 18

While the nurse is obtaining subjective assessment data related to
the musculo-skeletal system, which of the following conditions
requires the nurse to ask about family history?

Answer 18

rhuematoid arthritis

Question 19

When a nurse grades muscle strength with a score of 2, what does
that indicate?

Answer 19

active movement with the elimination of gravity

Question 20

sprain

Answer 20

an injury related to the ligamentous structures
surrounding a joint, usually caused by a wrenching or twisting
motion. Most sprains occur in the ankles, knees, or wrists

Question 21

strain

Answer 21

an excessive stretching of a muscle, a muscle’s

fascial sheath, or a tendon.

Question 22

dislocation

Answer 22

severe injury of the ligamentous structures
around a joint that results in the complete displacement of the
bone from its normal position.

Question 23

subluxation

Answer 23

partial or

incomplete displacement of the joint surface.

Question 24

avascular necrosis

Answer 24

bone cell death as a result of inadequate blood supply

Question 25

repetitive strain injury

Answer 25

injuries resulting from prolonged force or

repetitive movements and awkward postures

Question 26

carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 26

condition caused by
compression of the median nerve, which enters the hand through
the narrow confines of the carpal tunne