WEEK 7: INTEGRATED METABOLISM

Question 1

what are some functions of metabolism? (4)

Answer 1

Supplies energy and biosynthetic precursors
Provides mechanisms of excretion of waste products
Provides protection
Supplies molecules that operate control mechanisms

Question 2

what does the metabolism control and integrate? (4)

Answer 2

Hormonal controls
The CNS controls the release of the hormones
Secondary messengers (intracellular and intercellular signalling)
Availability of circulating substrates

Question 3

what organs ‘fuel’ molecules and biosynthetic precursors?

Answer 3

s.intestine, kidneys, liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue

Question 4

what organs protect and control?

Answer 4

pancreas, kidneys, liver, brain, rbcs, skeletal muscle

Question 5

what is metabolic control and integration when referring to the whole body?

Answer 5

Control of cellular activities and pathways via extracellular signals produced by other cells of the body, under the control of the CNS

Question 6

what is metabolic control and integration when referring to a cellular level?

Answer 6

Regulation of enzyme activities and regulation of pathways by regulatory enzymes

Question 7

slide 6

Question 8

what is the fuel for the brain?

Answer 8

glucose

Question 9

where is the fuel stored in the brain?

Answer 9

it is not stored

Question 10

is fuel exported in the brain?

Answer 10

no

Question 11

what is the fuel for rbcs?

Answer 11

glucose

Question 12

where is fuel stored in rbcs?

Answer 12

it isn’t stored

Question 13

what fuel is exported from rbcs?

Answer 13

lactate

Question 14

what fuel does skeletal muscle use?

Answer 14

fatty acids, glucose, AA

Question 15

what fuel does heart muscle use?

Answer 15

fatty acids mainly! , glucose

Question 16

is fuel stored in the heart muscle?

Answer 16

no

Question 17

is fuel stored in the skeletal muscle?

Answer 17

yes, as glycogen

Question 18

what fuel is exported from the heart muscle?

Answer 18

none

Question 19

what fuel is exported from the skeletal muscle?

Answer 19

lactate, alanine

Question 20

what fuel does adipose tissue use?

Answer 20

glucose, fatty acids, AA

Question 21

what fuel does the liver use?

Answer 21

glucose, fatty acids, AA

Question 22

what is fuel stored as in the liver?

Answer 22

glycogen, TAG

Question 23

what is fuel stored as in the adipose tissue?

Answer 23

TAG

Question 24

what fuel is exported from the liver?

Answer 24

glucose, KB, FA, VLDLs

Question 25

lsiten to slide 11

Question 26

what are the main pathways of metabolic control?

Answer 26

glycolysis and gluconeogenesis

Question 27

what are the main aims of metabolic control?

Answer 27

Control blood glucose levels (glucose homeostasis)
Supply glucose to tissues which depend on it for their energy requirements (ATP synthesis)

Question 28

what are the main regulators of metabolic control?

Answer 28

hormones - insulin and glucagon

Question 29

understand slide 15 and it all makes sense.

Question 30

what uptakes glucose in the brain?

Answer 30

GLUT3 transporters - high affinity for glucose

Question 31

what uptakes glucose in rbcs?

Answer 31

GLUT1 transporters - high affinity for glucose

Question 32

what uptakes glucose in the liver?

Answer 32

GLUT2 transporters - low affinity for glucose and only occurs when blood glucose levels are high

Question 33

slide 20 and 21 - glucose 6 phoskfndksd

Question 34

flashcards for 20/21/22 when u understand it. rewatch its easy. be able to explain the metabolic pathways for both after eating and 12 hours of sleep

Question 35

slide 38 onwards —->

Question 36

what are 2 ways to reversibly modulate the rate of an enzyme catalysed reaction in a cell?

Answer 36

Change the amount of enzyme present in the cell (change enzyme concentration) – slow changes

Change the rate of catalysis by a given amount of enzyme (change enzyme activity) – rapid changes