WEEK 7: INTEGRATED METABOLISM Flashcards
what are some functions of metabolism? (4)
Supplies energy and biosynthetic precursors
Provides mechanisms of excretion of waste products
Provides protection
Supplies molecules that operate control mechanisms
what does the metabolism control and integrate? (4)
Hormonal controls
The CNS controls the release of the hormones
Secondary messengers (intracellular and intercellular signalling)
Availability of circulating substrates
what organs ‘fuel’ molecules and biosynthetic precursors?
s.intestine, kidneys, liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue
what organs protect and control?
pancreas, kidneys, liver, brain, rbcs, skeletal muscle
what is metabolic control and integration when referring to the whole body?
Control of cellular activities and pathways via extracellular signals produced by other cells of the body, under the control of the CNS
what is metabolic control and integration when referring to a cellular level?
Regulation of enzyme activities and regulation of pathways by regulatory enzymes
slide 6
what is the fuel for the brain?
glucose
where is the fuel stored in the brain?
it is not stored
is fuel exported in the brain?
no
what is the fuel for rbcs?
glucose
where is fuel stored in rbcs?
it isn’t stored
what fuel is exported from rbcs?
lactate
what fuel does skeletal muscle use?
fatty acids, glucose, AA
what fuel does heart muscle use?
fatty acids mainly! , glucose
is fuel stored in the heart muscle?
no
is fuel stored in the skeletal muscle?
yes, as glycogen
what fuel is exported from the heart muscle?
none
what fuel is exported from the skeletal muscle?
lactate, alanine
what fuel does adipose tissue use?
glucose, fatty acids, AA
what fuel does the liver use?
glucose, fatty acids, AA
what is fuel stored as in the liver?
glycogen, TAG
what is fuel stored as in the adipose tissue?
TAG
what fuel is exported from the liver?
glucose, KB, FA, VLDLs
lsiten to slide 11
what are the main pathways of metabolic control?
glycolysis and gluconeogenesis
what are the main aims of metabolic control?
Control blood glucose levels (glucose homeostasis)
Supply glucose to tissues which depend on it for their energy requirements (ATP synthesis)
what are the main regulators of metabolic control?
hormones - insulin and glucagon
understand slide 15 and it all makes sense.
what uptakes glucose in the brain?
GLUT3 transporters - high affinity for glucose
what uptakes glucose in rbcs?
GLUT1 transporters - high affinity for glucose
what uptakes glucose in the liver?
GLUT2 transporters - low affinity for glucose and only occurs when blood glucose levels are high
slide 20 and 21 - glucose 6 phoskfndksd
flashcards for 20/21/22 when u understand it. rewatch its easy. be able to explain the metabolic pathways for both after eating and 12 hours of sleep
slide 38 onwards —->
what are 2 ways to reversibly modulate the rate of an enzyme catalysed reaction in a cell?
Change the amount of enzyme present in the cell (change enzyme concentration) – slow changes
Change the rate of catalysis by a given amount of enzyme (change enzyme activity) – rapid changes
