Week 7: Infection + Epidemiology Flashcards
Give an example of amensalism and explain why it is this case
Fungus secreting antibiotic is a good example because the fungus neither benefits nor is harmed, yet it harmed surrounding bacteria
Give example of commensalism and explain why it is this case
Mites in hair follicles because they benefit while neither harming nor benefiting the host
Where are transient microbiota found?
In the same places as resident microbiota, they just stay there for shorter time periods
Why can’t transient microbiota persist in the body?
-competition from other microbes
-immune cells remove them
-chem or physical body changes
Describe acquisition of baby microbiome
Begins to develop during birthing process. Breast milk IgA
What conditions give opportunistic pathogens chance to establish infection/disease?
-unusual site of body
-immune suppression
-change in microbiome content
-stress
List the 3 types of reservoirs
-humans
-animals
-nonliving matter (fomites)
Name nonliving reservoirs
Soil, water, and food
Name the 3 main portals of pathogenic entry
Skin, mucous membranes, and placenta
Describe the parenteral route
It’s not a true portal of entry, but bypasses GI tract and other main portals of entry via intravenous route
List virulence factors
-adhesion factors
-biofilms
-extracellular enzymes
-toxins
-antiphagocytic factors
Which type of bacteria secrete endotoxins and exotoxins?
Endotoxins = Gram-negative
Exotoxins = Gram-positive and negative
Which causes fever? Exotoxins or endotoxins?
Endotoxins
What does latrogenic mean?
Infection acquired from medical procedures
What can cause superinfections?
Antibiotics that inhibit some resident microbiota and allow other microbes to live
