Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Brain and Behaviour > Week 7- Higher Cortical Structures > Flashcards

Week 7- Higher Cortical Structures Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
The Brain flashcards
1
Q

What are the examinable components of language? For testing purposes what components paralell (and therefore you don’t usually test them separately)?

A

Speech

Auditory comprehension

Repetition

Naming

Writing

Reading

Reading usually paralells auditory comprehension, writing parallels fluency (a component of speech)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are components of speech? What are 3 kinds of paraphasia?

A

articulation

fluency

effort

word-finding

paraphasias

  • phonemic (rhyme)
  • semantic (word substitution)
  • neologism (made up word)

prosody (the intonation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name that aphasia!

non fluent, no comprehension, no repetition

A

Global aphasia: Broca’s and Wernicke’s both damaged, as in an MCA stroke before it splits into superior and inferior divisions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name that aphasia!

non-fluent, no comprehension, repetition intact

A

Mixed transcortical aphasia

Broca’s, wernicke’s and arcuate all spared but areas communicating with these are damaged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name that aphasia!

non-fluent, comprehension intact, no repetition

A

Broca’s aphasia- can’t get words out!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name that aphasia!

non-fluent, comprehension intact, repetition intact

A

transcortical motor aphasia (remember how to tell TMA from MTA because in this one the person has the motor to repeat, or in TMA the person is all mixed up because they can repeat but they can’t understand)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name that aphasia!

Fluent, no comprehension, no repetition

A

Wernicke’s aphasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name that aphasia!

Fluent, no comprehension, repetition intact

A

transcortical sensory aphasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name that aphasia!

fluent, comprehension intact, repetition impaired

A

conduction aphasia- damage to the arcuate fasciculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name that aphasia!

fluent, comprehension intact, repetition intact

A

anomic aphasia- anatomically non-specific, impaired naming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What percentage of strokes are ischemic? What percentage are hemorrhagic?

A

85% are ischemic, 15% are hemorrhagic, of the ischemic ones 50% are in the MCA distribution, 5-10% are watershed infarcts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

So you’ve got a patient with suspected stroke. You start with a NCCT. What might you see?

A

50% will have nothing

You might see a hyperdense MCA sign

You might see a hemorrhage, in which case you should NOT give ASA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are ischemic stroke mechanisms?

A
  • large artery athersclerosis
  • sm. vessl lacunar stroke (usually the result of intracranial atheroma in vessels)
  • Cardioembolic (Afib is most common…has significant morbidity and mortality)
  • Cryptogenic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are features of ACA stroke?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the established treatments for acute stroke? What is the established secondary prevention?

A

First, r/o hemorrhagic with NCCT. Also, nausea/vomiting more likely hemorrhagic

  • ivTPA if <3 hrs (sometimes 4.5 hrs)
  • ASA
  • stroke unit
  • hemicraniectomy if indicated

Established secondary prevention:

  • carotid endarectomy (if CT angio showed carotid atherosclerosis)
  • Anticoagulation (for cardioemoblic strokes only)
  • Antiplatelets (for lg and sm vessels. no need for warfarin if it is not cardioembolic)
  • HTN control and statins for all!!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the CHADS2 score and what is it used for?

A

To determine if an Afib pt should be anticoagulated

CHF

HTN

Age >75

DM

Stroke/TIA (2 points for this one)

17
Q

Does a lacunar stroke usually have cortical features?

A

No

18
Q

How many mL/min of blood do you need to maintain neuronal function?

A

50 mL/min

19
Q

Where is a hypertensive patient most likely to stroke out?

A

basal ganglia

20
Q

What is the likelihood of stroke in a patient with symptomatic carotid ischemia?

A

25%- whereas the risk of carotid endarterectomy is only 3%

21
Q

What is the Hunt and Hess scale?

A

A scale for the severity of subarachnoid hemorrhage?

22
Q

What is “amyloid angiopathy” and who is it common in?

A

deposition of amyloid in vessel walls.. more likely in elderly and Down syndrome (the gene is on chromosome 21…they have an extra copy)

23
Q

What are the treatment options for ischemic stroke?

A

ivTPA (<3 hrs) (pts given ivTPA are 30% more likely to have no–>minimal symptoms)

intraarterial thrombolysis

mechanical clot retrieval

24
Q

What parts of the brain are involved in attention?

A

parietal (helps shift focus), basal ganglia, brainstem

25
Q

What are the following things a test of?

  • digit span
  • WORLD-DLROW
  • Days of the week backwards
  • recall of word lists
  • recall of events
  • clock drawing
  • figure copying
  • recognizing animals (on MoCA)
  • letter fluency
A

digit span: attention

WORLD-DLROW: attention

Days of the week backwards: attention

recall of word lists: memory

recall of events: memory

clock drawing: praxis (visuomotor)

figure copying: praxis

recognizing animals (on MoCA): gnosis

letter fluency

26
Q

What parts of the brain are involved in:

  • episodic memory
  • sematic memory (fact)
  • non-declarative (implicit)
  • short term (working)
A

episodic memory: hippocampus, parahipppocampal gyrus (mesial temporal lobe)

sematic memory (fact): inferolateral temporal lobes

non-declarative (implicit): basal ganglia, cerebellum, supplementary motor area

short term (working): PFC and more

27
Q

Types of praxis:

A
  • ideomotor: cannot do a specific task
  • ideational: cannot do a sequence
  • speech (somewhere between aphasia and dysarthria)
28
Q

How would you get ideational apraxia?

A

bilateral temporal lobe damage

29
Q

What are the domains of cognition?

A

attention

language

praxis

gnosis

visuospatial (visuoconstruction, visuoperception (agnosia), visuoorientation)

memory

executive function (planning, organizing, mental flexibility, response inhibition…)

30
Q

What branch of the external carotid supplies the submandibular gland?

A

The facial

31
Q

Internal capsule blood supply is mainly:

A

The striate and anterior choroidal arteries

32
Q

What does the anterior choroidal supply?

A

The anterior choroidal artery supplies the inferior 2/3 of the internal capsule, the amygdala, hippocampus, and globus pallidus.

33
Q

The anterior cerebral artery supplies the medial surface of the frontal and parietal lobes.

The posterior cerebral artery supplies posteromedial cortical areas and the thalamus.

A

Brain and Behaviour (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions