Week 7 - Heart Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
In which body cavity is the heart located?
mediastinum
What is a cardiac cycle?
Cardiac cycle is a series of continually repeated mechanical (muscle contraction) events, each of which is triggered by specific electrical events.
What is the purpose of the cardiovascular system?
To provide adequate blood flow to all tissues/organs according to their immediate needs
The ________ drains deoxygenated blood from the anterior myocardium.
Great cardiac vein
Identify an alternate name for the tricuspid valve.
Right atrioventricular valve
Closure of the _________ occurs when the ventricles start to relax
SL valves
Blood returns to the right ventricle from body areas superior to the diaphragm via the _______
Superior vena cava
Define Preload
The degree of stretch of the ventricular myocardium at the end of diastole (determined by EDV).
Blood returns to the heart from the lungs via the _______
Pulmonary veins
Closure of the ______ occurs when the ventricles start to contract
AV valves
The left coronary artery gives rise to the _______ which supplies blood to the anterior myocardium and is located in _______ sulcus
Anterior interventricular artery; Anterior interventricular sulcus.
Blood leaves the right ventricle via a blood vessel called the _______. This vessel branches into the ______.
Pulmonary trunk; Right and left pulmonary arteries
The superior chambers of the heart are called _________.
Atria (plural)/Atrium (singular)
Identify the structure that forms the exit of the left ventricle
Left semilunar valve or aortic valve
Depolarisation of the ventricles is indicated by the _______ on an ECG and triggers _______ of the ventricles.
QRS complex; contraction (systole)
Identify an alternative names for the bicuspid valve.
Left atrioventricular valve or mitral valve.
Define: End systolic volume
The volume of blood in a ventricle at the end of systole
The _________ drains deoxygenated blood from the posterior myocardium
Middle cardiac vein
The inferior chambers of the heart are called ________
Ventricles
The third blood vessel to branch off the aorta is the _______
Left subclavian artery
Blood returns to the right ventricle from body areas inferior to the diaphragm via the _______
Inferior vena cava
Blood leaves the left ventricle via a blood vessel called the ________
Aorta
Identify the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle
Left atrioventricular valve OR bicuspid valve OR mitral valve
The coronary arteries branch off from the base of the _________
Aorta
The wall between the right and left ventricles is known as the __________
Interventricular septum
Closure of the ___________ results in the first heart sound, known as, ___________
AV (Atrioventricular) valves; lubb
define: Stroke volume
The volume of blood ejected from one ventricle per beat
define: Systole
Period when the myocardium is contracting
The second blood vessel to branch off the aorta is the __________
Left common carotid artery
The first blood vessel to branch off the aorta is the ________
Brachiocephalic trunk
Identify the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle
Right atrioventricular valve OR tricuspid valve.
Define: diastole
Period when the myocardium is relaxing
Define: Cardiac output
The volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle per minute (or volume of blood pumped into the systemic or pulmonary circuit per minute).
List the components of the intrinsic conduction system in order.
- SA node
- AV node
- AV bundle
- Bundles branches
- Subendocardial conducting network
Define: End diastolic volume
The volume of blood in a ventricle at the end of diastole
Repolarisation of the ventricles is indicated by the ________ on an ECG and leads to _________ of the ventricles
T wave; relaxation (diastole)
Depolarisation of the atria is indicated by the ________ on an EGC and triggers _______ of the atria.
P wave; contraction (systole)
The __________ prevent the atrioventricular valves from everting during ventricular systole. This structure is anchored via _________ muscles
Chordae tendineae; Papillary muscle
Define: end systolic volume
The volume of blood in a ventricle at the end of systole
Identify an alternative name for the bicuspid valve
Left atrioventricular valve or mitral valve
Closure of the _________ results in the second heart sound, known as ___________
SL valves; dubb
The __________ drains deoxygenated blood from the posterior myocardium
middle cardiac vein
Identify the structure that forms the exit of the right ventricle
Right semilunar valve OR pulmonary valve
Components of the heart wall
- Epicardium (or visceral pericardium) - the outermost layer of the epithelial tissue
- Myocardium - the middle layer of cardiac muscle cells
- Endocardium - the inner layer of endothelial cells (flattened epithelial cells)
