Week 7: Everyday Violence Flashcards
Bullying is characterized by what 2 features?
- Power imbalance
- Repeated occurrence over time
Among school-aged children in Canada, boys and girls are equal victims of _____________ bullying
verbal
Risk factors that are common across victims, perpetrators and victims & perpetrators
Poor social problem-solving skills
Internalizing symptoms
Negative family environment
Low peer status
Poor academic performance is a risk factor only among ______
victims
Negative attitudes about others is a risk factor only among ________
perpetrators
Theory of Moral Disengagement
Children continue to bully even though they know it is wrong because the conflict between internalized morals and behaviour needs to be justified
Theory of Moral Disengagement may involve:
- Moral justification
- Reframe behaviour to make it acceptable
- “everyone else does it” - Euphemistic labelling
- Downplay harm
- “It was just a joke” - Exonerating comparisons
- Minimize behaviour in comparison to other extremes
- “At least I didn’t punch you”
One longitudinal study following 10 year old boys over a period of approx. 10 years found that both being a bully and a victim resulted in the experience of more stressful life events as adults. Name some negative outcomes specific to the bully as well as the victim.
Bully
- Smoking
- Higher scores on AQ
Victim
- Lower SES
- Less perceived social support
- Less optimism
List the 4 major manifestations of workplace bullying
- Work-related
- Person-related
- Physically intimidating
- Sexual harassment
Data from the US shows that there are higher experiences of workplace bullying among…
remote workers
Data from the US shows that workplace bullying is demonstrated mostly by ________ and ________
males; bosses
Risk factors for workplace victimization
Bullying during school years
Negative affectivity
Lower qualifications
Masculine work environments
Allow lower qualifications are a risk factor for workplace victimization, sexual harassment is more common towards…
women in high status roles
What are some consequences of workplace bullying
Decreased:
- physical + mental health
- work functioning
- commitment to organization
- staff retention
Increased:
- Absence
Why is it that the most negative/intense effects of workplace bullying come from the boss?
Maybe because it is more difficult to escape and more difficult to report
One meta-analysis found that… was the strongest predictor of sexual harassment
organizational climate
The Driving Anger Scale (DAS) assesses ________-level driving anger
trait
What does the Driving Anger Expression Inventory (DAX) get at?
Just because we FEEL angry doesn’t mean we always express it but this inventory gets at the EXPRESSION of the anger
Aggressive driving versus road rage
Aggressive driving
- Honking when annoyed
- Swearing at other drivers
Road rage
- Criminal offence
- Less common
Why is the validity of horn honking as a measure of aggression questionable?
Because it may be used as a way of communicating not with intent to harm
What is a theoretical explanation for aggressive driving behaviour
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Why might deindividuation be a risk factor for aggressive driving behaviour?
More anonymous which removes a sense of personal responsibility
List some personal risk factors of aggressive driving
- Trait anger
- Bordom susceptibility
- Narcissism
- Younger age
- Masculinity (gender-related self-concept)
- Male (driving violence but not mild aggression)
List some contextual risk factors of aggressive driving
- Traffic congestion
- Anonymity
- Exposure to risk-glorifying media
