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PSYC 340, Aggression (test 2) > Week 7: Everyday Violence > Flashcards

Week 7: Everyday Violence Flashcards

1
Q

Bullying is characterized by what 2 features?

A
  1. Power imbalance
  2. Repeated occurrence over time
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2
Q

Among school-aged children in Canada, boys and girls are equal victims of _____________ bullying

A

verbal

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3
Q

Risk factors that are common across victims, perpetrators and victims & perpetrators

A

Poor social problem-solving skills
Internalizing symptoms
Negative family environment
Low peer status

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4
Q

Poor academic performance is a risk factor only among ______

A

victims

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5
Q

Negative attitudes about others is a risk factor only among ________

A

perpetrators

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6
Q

Theory of Moral Disengagement

A

Children continue to bully even though they know it is wrong because the conflict between internalized morals and behaviour needs to be justified

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7
Q

Theory of Moral Disengagement may involve:

A
  1. Moral justification
    - Reframe behaviour to make it acceptable
    - “everyone else does it”
  2. Euphemistic labelling
    - Downplay harm
    - “It was just a joke”
  3. Exonerating comparisons
    - Minimize behaviour in comparison to other extremes
    - “At least I didn’t punch you”
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8
Q

One longitudinal study following 10 year old boys over a period of approx. 10 years found that both being a bully and a victim resulted in the experience of more stressful life events as adults. Name some negative outcomes specific to the bully as well as the victim.

A

Bully
- Smoking
- Higher scores on AQ

Victim
- Lower SES
- Less perceived social support
- Less optimism

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9
Q

List the 4 major manifestations of workplace bullying

A
  1. Work-related
  2. Person-related
  3. Physically intimidating
  4. Sexual harassment
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10
Q

Data from the US shows that there are higher experiences of workplace bullying among…

A

remote workers

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11
Q

Data from the US shows that workplace bullying is demonstrated mostly by ________ and ________

A

males; bosses

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12
Q

Risk factors for workplace victimization

A

Bullying during school years
Negative affectivity
Lower qualifications
Masculine work environments

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13
Q

Allow lower qualifications are a risk factor for workplace victimization, sexual harassment is more common towards…

A

women in high status roles

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14
Q

What are some consequences of workplace bullying

A

Decreased:
- physical + mental health
- work functioning
- commitment to organization
- staff retention

Increased:
- Absence

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15
Q

Why is it that the most negative/intense effects of workplace bullying come from the boss?

A

Maybe because it is more difficult to escape and more difficult to report

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16
Q

One meta-analysis found that… was the strongest predictor of sexual harassment

A

organizational climate

17
Q

The Driving Anger Scale (DAS) assesses ________-level driving anger

A

trait

18
Q

What does the Driving Anger Expression Inventory (DAX) get at?

A

Just because we FEEL angry doesn’t mean we always express it but this inventory gets at the EXPRESSION of the anger

19
Q

Aggressive driving versus road rage

A

Aggressive driving
- Honking when annoyed
- Swearing at other drivers

Road rage
- Criminal offence
- Less common

20
Q

Why is the validity of horn honking as a measure of aggression questionable?

A

Because it may be used as a way of communicating not with intent to harm

21
Q

What is a theoretical explanation for aggressive driving behaviour

A

Frustration-aggression hypothesis

22
Q

Why might deindividuation be a risk factor for aggressive driving behaviour?

A

More anonymous which removes a sense of personal responsibility

23
Q

List some personal risk factors of aggressive driving

A
  1. Trait anger
  2. Bordom susceptibility
  3. Narcissism
  4. Younger age
  5. Masculinity (gender-related self-concept)
  6. Male (driving violence but not mild aggression)
24
Q

List some contextual risk factors of aggressive driving

A
  1. Traffic congestion
  2. Anonymity
  3. Exposure to risk-glorifying media
25
Q

One study assessing relaxation techniques and cognitive techniques to minimize aggressive driving behaviour found that:

A

Both interventions led to a decrease in driving anger immediately but only the combination of interventions resulted in a longer impact (decrease of aggressive driving at 4 weeks)

26
Q

Provide an example of instrumental versus hostile sports aggression

A

Instrumental - illegal tackling to increase chance of winning game

Hostile - shouting at ref to express negative affect

27
Q

Males commit sports aggression more than females. Does the level of competition matter though?

A

No

28
Q

What are some personal predictor variables of aggressive sports behaviour?

A
  1. Gender (Male > Female)
  2. Personality (trait aggression)
  3. Alcohol use
29
Q

Does engagement in power sports lead to more aggressive behaviour outside the sport?

A

Yes and can be explained by exposure to aggressive role models and the practicing of physical aggression but evidence is inconclusive for martial arts

30
Q

What are some contextual risk factors for sports aggression?

A
  1. Temperature (hot > cold)
  2. Color (black)
31
Q

What factors are associated with increased aggression amongst sport spectators?

A
  1. Aggression displayed by players
  2. Favourite team winning (testosterone increase)
  3. Identifying with team more
32
Q

Hooliganism

A

Collective spectator aggression

33
Q

Hooliganism has been argued to be a form of…

A

aggressive masculinity

PSYC 340, Aggression (test 2) (4 decks)

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