Week 7 Chapter 8

Question 1

Extrinsic stain

Answer 1

Stain that occurs on the external surface of the tooth

Question 2

Black line stain

Answer 2

Associated with iron copper and sulfur
Saliva that has higher calcium concentration and higher buffering capacity
Iron supplemation may be contributing to the formation of black stain

Question 3

Orange/yellow stain

Answer 3

This stain is associated with chromogenic bacteria from poor oral hygiene

Question 4

Tips for removing extrinsic stains

Answer 4

Chew gum after eating or drinking

Question 5

Intrinsic stain

Answer 5

Stains that occur within the tooth substance

Question 6

Tetracycline staining

Answer 6

Absorbed by bones and teeth
Can be transferred through the placenta and enter fetal circulation
Result when drug is administered to mother 3rd trimester
Dark yellow to grey brown discolouration

Question 7

Examples of intrinsic stains

Answer 7

Dental fluorosis/mottled enamel 
Tetracycline stain 
Hypocalcification
Nonvital teeth
Decalcification 
Aging stain 
Amalgam staining 
Amelogenisis imperfecta
Dentinogenis imperfecta

Question 8

Endogeneous stain

Answer 8

Acquired during tooth development

Example tetracycline stain

Question 9

Exogenous stain

Answer 9

Acquired after tooth eruption

Example: tobacco stain

Question 10

What does your whitening material consist of

Answer 10

Liquid or gel 5%to 40%
Carbamide peroxide 
Popular for home whitening 10-35% 
Weaker oxidizing agent 
10% carbamide peroxide gel= 3.5% hydrogen peroxide

Question 11

What do you need from a patient before a whitening

Answer 11

Informed consent

Checked medical history

Question 12

Side effects of whitening

Answer 12

Tooth sensitivity
Irritation of the gingiva, mucosa, and throat
Soreness of the muscles of mastication and temporomandibular joints from wearing whitening trays overnight

Question 13

Enamel micro abrasions

Answer 13

This removes noncarious disclorations
An acid slurry made of flour of pumiceand 6% hydrochloric acid is applied to discolouration for 1 minute and then agitated with ribbed rubber cup for an additional 1 minute
Care must be taken when performing microabrasion to prevent burns to the soft tissue from acid

Question 14

What are restorative considerations to consider before whitening trays

Answer 14

Cavities should be restored before
Can be used as a pre restorative procedure for veneers, composite bonding, or porcelain crowns
Clients should wait a couple of weeks after whitening prior to bonding