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dental materials > Review > Flashcards

Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is a defining characteristic of a solid

A

That it has shape and volume and

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2
Q

Two ways to measure hardness

A

Knopf test, Rockwell test

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3
Q

Ultimate strength

A

The maximum amount of stress a material can withstand without breaking

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4
Q

What does modulus mean?

A

Stiffness

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5
Q

What is proportional limit

A

The greatest stress a structure can withstand without permanent deformation

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6
Q

What is ductility

A

The amount of dimensional change a material can withstand without breaking
Materials with poor ductility are classified as brittle

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7
Q

Viscosity

A

Is the resistance of a liquid to flow
Thin fluids have low viscosity
Thick fluids have high viscosity

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8
Q

Thixotropic materials

A

Are liquids that flow more easily under mechanical force

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9
Q

Therapeutic materials

A

Used in the treatment of disease

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10
Q

Would liquid be considered the catalyst or the base?

A

Catalyst

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11
Q

Manipulation stage

A

Mixing and working time

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12
Q

Reaction stage

A

Initial and final set

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13
Q

Initial set time

A

This time begins when the dental material no longer can be manipulated in the mouth

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14
Q

What happens if you increase the amount o liquid or water

A

Final product might become weaker

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15
Q

Is and impression a negative or positive reproduction

A

Negative

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16
Q

What are the two forms of impression material

A

Elastic and inelastic(rigid)

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17
Q

Which ones are rigid impression materials

A

ZOE
COMPOUND
PLASTER

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18
Q

Which ones are elastic impression materials

A 
Polysulfide 
Polyether
Silicone 
Agar 
Alginate
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19
Q

Hydrocolloids

A

Hydrocolloids are water based colloids that function as elastic impression materials

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20
Q

What are the two types of hydrocolloids

A

Irreversible

And reversible

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21
Q

Liquid state in which colloidal particles are suspended by cooling or chemical reaction it can change into a gel

A

Sol

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22
Q

A semisolid state in which colloidal particles form a framework that traps liquid

A

Gel

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23
Q

What is a retarder in alginate

A

Trisodium phosphate

Used in regular set

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24
Q

80% H2O contains potassium sulfate, borax, alkyl benzoate

A

Agar

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25
Q

Reversible hydrocolloid

A

Agar

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26
Q

Which impression material changes from a sol phase to a gel phase via chemical reaction and is a irreversible hydrocolloid?

A

Alignate

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27
Q

Which impression material has poor tear strength?

A

Irreversible hydrocolloid

Alginate

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28
Q

Syneresis

A

Shrinkage

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29
Q

When would you use an alginate impression material

A

When you are working in a wet environment
Preliminary
When you need impression of subgingival tissues
Have to pour models
You don’t need to much detail in the impression

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30
Q

What are disadvantages of alginate

A

Shrinkage
Swelling
Poor tear strength
Burning tissues-client care

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31
Q

Imbibition

A

Swelling

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32
Q

What details do you want in an upper maxillary impression material

A

Palatial vault and Hamular notch

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33
Q

What areas for the mandibular do you want in your impression

A

Retromolar areas and lingual extensions

34
Q

How can you tell you understated an alginate impression

A

Lack alginate in the vestibular area

35
Q

Elastomeric material

A

They have qualities similar to rubber
They are composed of a base and an accelerator or catalyst
Used for impressions of preparation and for demanding or highly accurate reproductions
They have different viscosities putty, heavy, regular , or light body

36
Q

Which elastomeric material has shorter working times, and mixing reaction causes ethyl alcohol to form and be released causing shrinkage

A

Condensation silicone

37
Q

Which elastomeric material has silica or copper carbonate added to keep from being runny and to provide stiffness

A

Condensation silicone

38
Q

Out of elastomeric materials which one has the lowest dimensional change

A

Addition silicone

39
Q

Which elastomeric material is expensive

A

Addition silicone

40
Q

Which elastomeric materials are two paste system

A

Condensation

Addition

41
Q

Which elastomer is more hydrophilic and stiff then the other ones

A

Polyether

42
Q

Which elastomer can be difficult to remove from the mouth

A

Polyether

43
Q

Which is easier to mix silicone material or polysulfide

A

Silicone material

44
Q

Which was developed as an alternative to polysulfide

A

Condensation silicone

45
Q

Does polyether have a shorter working and setting time compared with other elastomeric materials

A

Yes

46
Q

What are 3 types of pattern waxes

A

Inlay casting baseplate

47
Q

Why would casting wax be used

A

Used for the construction of metal framework of partial and complete dentures

48
Q

Are casting wax softened in the oral cavity

A

No

49
Q

Produces patterns for metal casting

A

Inlay wax

50
Q

Used to produce the form on which denture teeth are set

A

Baseplate wax

51
Q

What are classifications of processing waxes

A

Boxing utility sticky

52
Q

Used to form the base portion of a gypsum model

A

Boxing wax

53
Q

Which wax is slightly tacky at room temperature

A

Boxing wax so it can adhere to each other

54
Q

Other name for utility wax

A

Periphery wax or rope wax

55
Q

What wax could you use to cover sharp brackets and wires for orthodontic clients

A

Utility wax

56
Q

Used for wax bite registrations

A

Utility wax

57
Q

Wax that is hard and brittle at room temperature

A

Sticky wax

58
Q

Used to adhere components of metal, gypsum or resin temporarily during fabrication an repair

A

Sticky wax

59
Q

Two types of impression waxes

A

Corrective impression, bite registration

60
Q

“It cut teeth like so much acid”

A

1866 ADA committee prepared statement

61
Q

What is under class 1 FDA

A

Gloves
Prophet paste
OTC products

62
Q

What is under class 2

A

Amalgam restoration

Composite restoration

63
Q

What is class 3

A

Implants

Bone grafting material

64
Q

What are two international agency standard

A

ISO

fDI

65
Q

How is gypsum produced

A

Dihydrate of calcium sulfate then heated which loses water then founded into powder hemihydrate

66
Q

What is an exothermic reaction

A

When the by-product in a chemical reaction is heat

67
Q

Diagnostic casts are you usually of

A

Dental plaster or stone

68
Q

Working casts

A

Casts generally made from one of the dental stones that are strong enough to resist the stresses of fabricating an indirect restoration or prosthesis

69
Q

Why use dental stone for working casts

A

Because they require good strength and accuracy

70
Q

What are the five gypsum products

A 
Impression plaster
Model plaster
Dental stone
Dental stone high strength 
Dental stone high strength and expansion
71
Q

Porous irregular particles

A

Model plaster type 2

72
Q

Used to secure casts to the articulation or preliminary casts

A

Model plaster

73
Q

Uniformed in shape less porous

A

Dental stone

74
Q

Stronger and more expensive than plaster

A

Dental stone

75
Q

Ideal for making casts for complete and partial denture and orthodontic models

A

Dental stone

76
Q

High strength (5)

A

Material is very dense
Die stone
Produced by calcining the gypsum in a 30% calcium chloride solution with increased pressure and powder grinding
Used for making casts or does for inlay and crowns

77
Q

Most costly of gypsum products and recently added to the list of ADA gypsum products. Needed for higher strength and high expansion

A

Expansion (5)

78
Q

Tensile force

A

Force applied in opposite directions to stretch an object

79
Q

Shearing force

A

Force applied when two surfaces slide against each other

80
Q

A twisting force that combined tensile and compressive force

A

Torsion or torque

81
Q

Stress

A

The internal force wich resists the applied force

dental materials (3 decks)

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