Week 7 - Cervical Spine Muscles

Question 1

Where does protraction/ retraction occur in the cervical spine?

Answer 1

C0/C1

Question 2

Describe the shape and position of Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 2

Long strap like muscle; arises by 2 heads; close to midline anteriorly

Question 3

Give the attachments of SCM

Answer 3

Sternal head: from anterior surface of manubrium
Clavicular head: from upper surface of medial 2/3 clavicle
TO lateral 1/3 superior nuchal line of occipital bone, mastoid process of temporal bone

Question 4

Give the actions of SCM

Answer 4

Bilateral cervical spine flexion
Unilateral side flexion + CL rotation
Accessory muscle of respiration

Question 5

Name the deep neck flexors and give their actions

Answer 5

Longus Capitis (Colli) - IL side flexion, flexion of cervical spine
Rectus Capitis Anterior and Rectus Capitis Lateralis - flexion of head on neck, IL side flexion

Question 6

Name the deep neck extensors and give their actions

Answer 6

Rectus capitis posterior minor + major
Obliqus capitis inferior + superior
Extend head/ upper cervical spine
IL side flexors

Question 7

Give the attachments + actions of Levator Scapulae

Answer 7

C1-C4 TP to medial border of scapula between superior angle and medial end of spine of scapula
Elevation of scapula, IL side flexion, extension of neck (against resistance)

Question 8

Give the position and action of Splenius Cervicus

Answer 8

Posterior cervical spine
Extend cervical spine (not head)
IL side flexion
Rotation

Question 9

Give the actions of the upper fibres of Trapezius

Answer 9

Cervical Extension
IL side flexion
Upward rotation and elevation of the SG

Question 10

Give the actions of Splenius Capitis

Answer 10

Powerful extensor of head on neck
Powerful extensor of cervical spine
Powerful retractor

Question 11

Give the actions of Semispinalis Capitis

Answer 11

Cervical extension
Side flexion
Stability

Question 12

Describe the three parts of Erector Spinae that continue to the occiput and give their attachments + actions

Answer 12

Spinalis Cervicus - spinous processes
Iliocostalis Cervicus - ribs and transverse processes
Longissimus Cervicus - transverse processes
Action - extend neck, IL side flexion

Question 13

Give the attachments and actions of the scalene muscles

Answer 13

Anterior and middle insert onto first rib, posterior onto second rib
Flex cervical spine (not head on neck)
IL side flexion
Accessory muscle of inspiration

Question 14

Which muscle is the main neck rotator?

Answer 14

Sternocleidomastoid (CL action)

Question 15

Which movements occur during protraction and retraction?

Answer 15

Protraction - lower cervical spine flexion, upper cervical spine extension
Retraction - lower cervical spine extension, upper cervical spine flexion

Question 16

What muscles are responsible for protraction?

Answer 16

Lower CS flexors - SCM, anterior and middle scalene, longus colli
Upper CS extensors - semispinalis capitis, longus capitis, splenius capitis, suboccipital muscles

Question 17

What muscles are responsible for retraction?

Answer 17

Lower CS extensors - splenius cervicus, semispinalis cervicus, longissimus cervicus
Upper cervical flexors: longus capitis, rectus capitus anterior