Week 7 Flashcards
what is a case study?
an investigation that examines a person or group.
can case studies be used to prove a theory?
case studies lack the ability to rule out the effects of a treatment on other explanations.
a study following the scientific method uses ___ as a way to falsify a theory .
a control group are used to rule out alternative explanations by comparing test results to the non treatment group.
what is the placebo effect?
being given a control treatment in lieu of the targeted treatment and still reporting an efficacy in treatment.
What is type one processing?
is used for the least taxing mental processes. If a problem can be solved using less taxing mental energy that leaves more mental capacity for other task.
What is type two processing?
Type two processing is more complex strategic and logical. Scientific thinking requires type two processing.
why do we tend to believe personal opinion over scientific evidence?
- simple explanations are often preferred over the more complex theories
- scientific thinking strategies have to be taught, and some people don’t know them
what is the Barnum effect?
most people with believe a general personality summary as an accurate and specific description of themselves. they will often disregard the if that other people will probably if it relatable too.
what are some thing that may cause you to mis-attrubte correlational stats?
- a strong pre-existing bias
What is controlled manipulation?
- the investigator manipulates the critical variable
What are three reasons for a correlational relationship
- spurious correlation
- direct causal relations (directionality problem)
- the third variable problem
What are the three features of scientific thinking
- comparison, control, and manipulation
What is the goal of experimental design?
- isolate the variable to eliminate alternative theories to explain an event
Whats the difference: within subject experiment vs between subjects experiment
Within subjects participant only experience one condition.
Between subjects participant experience all conditions.
external vs internal validity
external validity can be generalized
internal validity means the test is well designed.
True or False: field study and lab study experiment strengthen a theory.
true
how do you control for researcher bias?
double blind study
Name a limitation of the quasi - experiment?
self selection bias.
