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HA Exam 2 > Week 7 > Flashcards

Week 7 Flashcards

1
Q

S1

A

ventricular contraction
closure of Tricuspid and Mitral valves
time it with carotid pulse to identify

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2
Q

S2

A

Closure of Aortic and Pulmonic valves

ventricular filling

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3
Q

S3

A

ventricular filling may cause this

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4
Q

S4

A

May be produced by atrial contractions

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5
Q

sinus 6 syndrome

A

malfunction of the sinus node

may cause arrhythmia

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6
Q

systole

A

contraction

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7
Q

diastole

A

relaxation

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8
Q

lipid profile screening

A

every 5 years starting at age 20

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9
Q

CHADS2 scores

A

Afib & stroke risk

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10
Q

split S1

A

Usually normal,

best heard in tricuspid area

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11
Q

split S2

A

physiologic if it resolves with deep expiration

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12
Q

pediatric chest pain

A

usually musculoskeletal, pleuritic, GI

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13
Q

thrill

A

turbulent blood flow

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14
Q

coarction of aorta

A

pulses stronger in upper extremities than lower extremities

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15
Q

Chest XR

A

size, shape, congestion

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16
Q

ECG

A

identify rate, rhythm,

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17
Q

echo

A

shows congenital defects

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18
Q

Screening for LVH

A

increases risk for sudden cardiac death

would need echocardiogram for every patient

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19
Q

Hypertension screening

A

start at age 3

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20
Q

Cyanotic Heart Disease

A 
Pulmonary artery stenosis 
Pulmonary atresia 
Tetralogy of fallot 
Tricuspid atresia
truncus arteriosus 
hypoplastic L heart syndrome
transposition of great arteries
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21
Q

Acyanotic heart disease

A 
blood shunts L to R which is less dangerous. 
Oxygenated blood is coming back over to deoxygenated side
patent ductus arteriosus 
atrial-septal defect
Ventricular septal defect
Coarction of aorta 
Aortic stenosis 
Pulmonary Artery stenosis 
Patent foramen ovale
22
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus

A

in utero, shunts blood away from lungs so ti bypasses lungs

shunts into hole in aorta

23
Q

Tricuspid atresia

A

blood cant get through into ventricle, so it goes into L side of heart (where deoxygenated blood is)

24
Q

Truncus arteriosus

A

Great vessels don’t develop as they should

25
Q

hypoplastic L heart syndrome

A

not compatible with life

L side way smaller than R side

26
Q

Transpositions of Great Arteries

A

aorta and pulmonary artery are flip-flopped, leads to cyanosis

27
Q

coarction of aorta

A

aorta is tortuous

28
Q

Ventricular septal defect

A

hole in septum of ventricles

29
Q

atrial-septal defect

A

hole in septum between atrium

left pumps to right- ok since its oxygenated blood going into deoxygenated blood

30
Q

Patent foramen ovale

A

opening between septal walls of the 2 chambers of the heart

ok because L side has higher pressure

31
Q

R to L shunt

A

dangerous because deoxygenated blood flows into pulmonary system

32
Q

JVP

A

reflects right atrial pressure, which in turn equals central venous pressure + R ventricular end diastolic pressure

33
Q

Syndromes caused by acute myocardial ischemia

A

Unstable angina, non ST elevation MI, ST elevation MI

34
Q

Acute Aortic Dissection

A

anterior chest pain, often tearing or ripping pain into back or neck

35
Q

Causes of Swelling

A

R or L ventricular dysfunction, pulmonary htn, obstructive lung disease

36
Q

anasarca

A

severe generalized edema extending to sacrum and abdomen

37
Q

6 Criteria for preventing heart disease

A 
Lean BMI
not smoking 
physically active, healthy diet 
untreated total cholesterol <200
untreated BP <120/80
fasting BG <100
38
Q

JVP pulse

A

best assessed in R internal jugular vein

dominant movement is inward

39
Q

absent a waves

A

aFib

40
Q

increased V waves

A

tricuspid regurgitation
atrial septal defects
constrictive pericarditis

41
Q

Causes of decreased carotid pulsations

A

decreased stroke volume (shock, MI)
local atherosclerotic narrowing
pressure on carotid sinus (bradycardia, drop in BP)

42
Q

Pulsus Alternans

A

Pulse is regular
bigeminal pulse that varies beat to beat
paradoxical pulse, varies with respiration
Alternating loud + soft Korotkoff sounds
indicates left ventricular failure

43
Q

Paradoxical Pulse

A

a difference between levels of 10 to 12 mmHg

acute asthma, COPD, acute PE, pericardial tamponade

44
Q

Bruit

A

Caused by atherosclerotic stenosis, tortuous carotid artery

do not correlate with any clinically significant diseases

45
Q

High pitched cardiac sounds

A

S1, S2, murmurs of aortic and mitral regurgitation, pericardial friction rubs

*use diaphragm

46
Q

Low pitched sounds

A

S3, S4, mitral valve murmurs

*use bell

47
Q

Auscultory sounds

A

S1 louder with rapid heart rates

S2 persistently single

48
Q

Expiratory splitting

A

valvular abnormality

49
Q

P2

A

suggests pulmonary htn

50
Q

most common extra heart sound

A

systolic click of mitral valve prolapse

51
Q

Diastolic murmurs

A

reflect regurgitant

52
Q

Bisferiens Pulse

A

normal beat alternating with premature contraction
increased arterial pulse with double systolic peak
causes: aortic regurgitation

HA Exam 2 (3 decks)

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