Week 5 Flashcards
Most important attributes of headache
Severity, chronologic pattern, associated sx
Unilateral headache
occurs in cluster headaches and migraines
Tension headache
often arise in temporal areas
cluster headaches may be retro-orbital
Hyperopia
Farsightedness
Presbyopia
aging vision
Myopia
nearsightedness, trouble with distances
If vision loss is unilateral and painless
vitreous hemorrhage macular degeneration retinal detachment retinal vein occlusion central retinal artery occlusion
If vision loss is painful, consider:
corneal ulcer uveitis traumatic hymphema acute angle closure glaucoma optic neuritis
If vision loss is bilateral and painless
vascular etiologies
giant cell arteritis
non-physiologic causes
If vision loss is bilateral and painful
chemical or radiation exposure
Scotomas
fixed defects
lesions in retina or visual pathways
Conductive hearing loss
results from external or middle ear
noisy environment helps
Sensorineural hearing loss
Results from inner ear or cochlear nerve
Trouble understanding speech
Medications that affect hearing
aminoglycosides aspirin NSAIDS quinine furosemide
Tinnitus
Perceived sound that has no external stimulus
may accompany hearing loss
often unexplained
suspect Meniere disease when with vertigo
Vertigo
Sensation of true rotational movement
vestibular disease
usually caused by inner ear causes
Blepharitis
chronic inflammatory condition of eyelid
crusting along lash line
Chalazion
inflammation in gland in eyelid
nontender, localized nodule
Hordeolum
stye
staph infection of glands of lash line
red tender pustule
Bacterial Conjunctivitis
usually unilateral with hyperemia of bulbar conjunctiva
Viral conjunctivitis
most common form
presents bilaterally
significant hyperemia, edema, watery discharge
Allergic conjunctivitis
pruritis, watery discharge, mild edema, rhinitis
Plagiocephaly
flat head
may be congenital, usually from positioning in utero or laying down
fixed with molding helmet
usually just cosmetic
Cephalohematoma
usually birth trauma
swelling under periosteum, restricted within suture line
difficult for body to break up blood
Torticollis
tightening of neck muscles
usually seen with plagiocephaly
stiff neck, needs PT
Preauricular tags/ pits
congenital malformations
related to hearing deficits
Periorbital cellulitis
needs emergency treatment
infection of orbit
corneal abrasion
trauma
significant pain, photophobia
Congenital cataracts
white pupillary response
needs immediate referral
Caput
swelling that occurs over periosteum
crosses suture lines
Ankyloglossia
tongue tied
interferes with feeding
gingivostomatitis
multiple canker sores on mouth, tongue
bruxism
teeth grinding
can help adult teeth, or can break down enamel
GABHS
headache, vomiting, sore throat
palatable petechiae
broken red blood vessels on soft palate
erythema + exudate on tonsils
mumps
inflammation of parotid gland
significant swelling under tongue, in front of ear
