week 7+

Question 1

electric current

Answer 1

is the flow of electricity along a conductor

*positive charge to penetrate product into the skin, negative charged product to remove (deincrustation)

Question 2

conductor

nonconductor

Answer 2

any material that conducts electricity. Most metals are good conductors *copper

also known as an insulator, is a material that does not transmit electricity. Rubber, silk, wood, glass, and cement are good insulators

Question 3

Direct current

Alternating current

Answer 3

constant, even-flowing current that travels in one direction only and is produced by chemical means

is a rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction; it is produced by mechanical means
(most aesthetic equipment is ac)

Question 4

volt
ampere
milliampere

Answer 4

unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes electric current forward through a conductor

unit that measures the strength of an electric current

is 1⁄1,000 of an ampere. The current used for facial and scalp treatments is measured in milliamperes; an ampere current would be much too strong. If used for facials and scalp treatments, an ampere current would damage the skin or body.

Question 5

ohm
watt
kilowatt

Answer 5

.

Question 6

fuse

Answer 6

prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit. It is designed to blow out or melt when the wire becomes too hot from overloading the circuit with too much current, such as when faulty equipment or too many appliances are connected to an electric source. To reestablish the circuit, disconnect the appliance, check all connections and insulation, insert a new fuse, then reconnect the appliance.

Question 7

circuit breaker

Answer 7

a switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the first indication of an overload. Circuit breakers have replaced fuses in modern electric circuits

Question 8

Grounding

Answer 8

For added protection, some appliances (especially ones with metal casings) have a third circular electric connection that is a grounding pin. This is called a three-prong plug. The grounding pin is designed to guarantee a safe path for electricity and protect the user from electrical shock even if a wire comes loose

Question 9

ground fault interrupter (GFI)

Answer 9

is designed to protect from electrical shock by interrupting a household circuit when there is a leak in the circuit.

Question 10

Underwriters Laboratories (UL)

Answer 10

(American)certifies the safety of electrical appliances. Curling irons, hair dryers, electric clippers, UV lamps, pedicure chairs, heating mitts, electric files, and more should be UL approved. This certifies that they are safe when used according to the manufacturer’s directions

**canadian is csa

Question 11

electrotherapy

Answer 11

Modalities
Galvanic current
Microcurrent
Tesla high-frequency current

Question 12

electrode

Answer 12

also known as a probe, is an applicator for directing electric current from an electrotherapy device to the client’s skin. It is usually made of carbon, glass, or metal. Each modality requires two electrodes—one negative and one positive—to conduct the flow of electricity through the body. The only exception to this rule is the Tesla high-frequency current, which uses a single electrode.

Question 13

Polarity

Answer 13

refers to the poles of an electric current, either positive or negative. The electrodes on many electrotherapy devices have one negatively charged pole and one positively charged pole. The positive electrode is called an anode; the anode is usually red and is marked with a P or a plus (+) sign. The negative electrode is called a cathode; it is usually black and is marked with an N or a minus (–) sign. The negatively charged electrons from the cathode flow to the positively charged anode.

Question 14

Iontophoresis
Cataphoresis
Anaphoresis
Desincrustation

Answer 14

I- infusing water soluble products into the skin with the use of electrical current , galvanic machine or microcurrent

C- penetrating acidic product into the deeper layers of skin using galvanic current from the positive pole, tightens and calms the skin

A- infusing alkaline (negative) product into the tissues with the negative pole

D- process used to soften and emulsify sebum and blackheads (anaphoresis, negative pole)

Question 15

Microcurrent

Answer 15

stimulates collagen and elastin production

Question 16

Tesla high-frequency current

Answer 16

• alternating current
• All high frequency facial machines function by using a glass high frequency electrode
• neon gas: appears red or orange, for sensitive skin
• argon gas: appears violet, for oily, acenic skin
• treat a variety of conditions, including acne management, enlarged pores, fine lines and wrinkles and puffy or dark eyes.

Question 17

benefits of electrical equipment (electrotherapy)

Answer 17

Cleanse follicles
Induce muscle relaxation
Increase blood circulation
Improve skin and muscle tone

Question 18

Traditional Electrical Equipment

Answer 18

Steamer
Vacuum Suction
Galvanic Desincrustation
Galvanic Iontophoresis
Direct High Frequency
Indirect High Frequency

Question 19

Advanced Electrical Equipment

Answer 19

Thermo-therapy
Microdermabrasion
Ultrasound
Micro-current
Light Therapies
Skin Needling

Question 20

Vacuum Suction

Answer 20

A mechanical form of stimulating lymph within the skin.

Alternatively deep cleanses the skin by aiding in removing skin blockages upon the skin

Question 21

Galvanic Desincrustation

Answer 21

Create an alkaline pH on the skin to saponify sebum and deep cleanse, while causing vasodilation
Using a negative polarity to perform Desincrustation

Question 22

Galvanic Iontophoresis

Answer 22

Create an acid pH on the skin to enable deeper penetration of water based products
Positive polarity will tighten, firm skin

Question 23

Direct High Frequency

Answer 23

High frequency forms ozone gas close to the surface of the skin. This ozone has a germicidal, healing, drying and stimulating effect
-after extractions, cause germicidal effect and heal skin, dying affect, good for blemished skin, prevents bacteria from traveling from one follicle to another

Most widely used modality
pg 430-433

Question 24

Indirect High Frequency

Answer 24

Create a regenerating action and increase blood flow within the skin; aid in relaxation and sedation.
Great for skin that is lacking firmness and tone
Will stimulate dry skin and hair growth
-great for aging skin

*spiral

Question 25

Galvanic Current

Answer 25

Galvanic current converts the alternating current received from an electrical outlet into a direct current. Electrons are then allowed to flow continuously in the same direction which creates a relaxation response

Question 26

Galvanic contraindications

Answer 26

Metal implants or a pacemaker;
Braces;
Heart conditions including MVP;
Epilepsy;
Pregnancy;
High blood pressure, fever, or any infection; Diminished nerve sensibility due to diseases such as diabetes;
Open or broken skin (wounds, new scars) or inflamed pustular acne;
Couperose skin or Rosacea;
Chronic migraine headaches;
Apprehension about the use of electrical appliances

Question 27

When to Use Galvanic Current

Answer 27

Prepares skin for extractions or assists in delivering targeted products.

Can be used in a facial after exfoliation step and prior to extraction steps.

Can be used prior to masking to deliver ingredients or final stages of facial.

Question 28

Effects of Using the Galvanic Machine

Answer 28

Desincrustation causes an alkaline reaction to soften follicles for deep cleansing.

Iontophoresis is used for introducing a water-soluble product into the skin.

Question 29

How to clean galvanic attachment

Answer 29

Follow manufacturer’s directions for cleaning.

Detach electrode cord from electrode and remove cotton and discard.

Wash electrode in warm soapy water, rinse and dry. Soak electrode in disinfectant, rinse, dry, and store in a no airtight container.

Never place metal electrode in an autoclave, unless directed by manufacturer.

Carefully spray and wipe electrode attachment cord, hand piece and machine with a disinfectant.

Question 30

Two ways to use galvanic current (2 forms of ionic penetration)

Answer 30

-prep for extractions deincrustations
Anaphoresis: infusion of a negative product (Negative Pole (Cathode))
Causes an **alkaline reaction; Softens and relaxes tissue; Stimulates nerve endings; Increases blood circulation
-black cord

-infuse product to plump skin (Iontophoresis)
Cataphoresis: infusion of a positive product (Positive Pole (Anode))
Causes an **acidic reaction; Tightens the skin; Calms or soothes nerve endings; Decreases blood circulation
-red cord

both procedures 3-4 minutes max

-the opposite pole must be attached to the client (holding on, or under shoulder, must have skin contact), the active electrode on clients skin

Question 31

Saponification

Answer 31

a chemical reaction where sebum is transformed into soap. The soap helps dissolve excess oil, clogged follicles, comedones, and other debris on skin while also softening

Question 32

Ionization

Answer 32

Ionization: process of the separating of a substance into ions.

• serums
• ampules