week 7+ Flashcards
electric current
is the flow of electricity along a conductor
*positive charge to penetrate product into the skin, negative charged product to remove (deincrustation)
conductor
nonconductor
any material that conducts electricity. Most metals are good conductors *copper
also known as an insulator, is a material that does not transmit electricity. Rubber, silk, wood, glass, and cement are good insulators
Direct current
Alternating current
constant, even-flowing current that travels in one direction only and is produced by chemical means
is a rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction; it is produced by mechanical means
(most aesthetic equipment is ac)
volt
ampere
milliampere
unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes electric current forward through a conductor
unit that measures the strength of an electric current
is 1⁄1,000 of an ampere. The current used for facial and scalp treatments is measured in milliamperes; an ampere current would be much too strong. If used for facials and scalp treatments, an ampere current would damage the skin or body.
ohm
watt
kilowatt
.
fuse
prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit. It is designed to blow out or melt when the wire becomes too hot from overloading the circuit with too much current, such as when faulty equipment or too many appliances are connected to an electric source. To reestablish the circuit, disconnect the appliance, check all connections and insulation, insert a new fuse, then reconnect the appliance.
circuit breaker
a switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the first indication of an overload. Circuit breakers have replaced fuses in modern electric circuits
Grounding
For added protection, some appliances (especially ones with metal casings) have a third circular electric connection that is a grounding pin. This is called a three-prong plug. The grounding pin is designed to guarantee a safe path for electricity and protect the user from electrical shock even if a wire comes loose
ground fault interrupter (GFI)
is designed to protect from electrical shock by interrupting a household circuit when there is a leak in the circuit.
Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
(American)certifies the safety of electrical appliances. Curling irons, hair dryers, electric clippers, UV lamps, pedicure chairs, heating mitts, electric files, and more should be UL approved. This certifies that they are safe when used according to the manufacturer’s directions
**canadian is csa
electrotherapy
Modalities
Galvanic current
Microcurrent
Tesla high-frequency current
electrode
also known as a probe, is an applicator for directing electric current from an electrotherapy device to the client’s skin. It is usually made of carbon, glass, or metal. Each modality requires two electrodes—one negative and one positive—to conduct the flow of electricity through the body. The only exception to this rule is the Tesla high-frequency current, which uses a single electrode.
Polarity
refers to the poles of an electric current, either positive or negative. The electrodes on many electrotherapy devices have one negatively charged pole and one positively charged pole. The positive electrode is called an anode; the anode is usually red and is marked with a P or a plus (+) sign. The negative electrode is called a cathode; it is usually black and is marked with an N or a minus (–) sign. The negatively charged electrons from the cathode flow to the positively charged anode.
Iontophoresis
Cataphoresis
Anaphoresis
Desincrustation
I- infusing water soluble products into the skin with the use of electrical current , galvanic machine or microcurrent
C- penetrating acidic product into the deeper layers of skin using galvanic current from the positive pole, tightens and calms the skin
A- infusing alkaline (negative) product into the tissues with the negative pole
D- process used to soften and emulsify sebum and blackheads (anaphoresis, negative pole)
Microcurrent
stimulates collagen and elastin production
Tesla high-frequency current
- alternating current
- All high frequency facial machines function by using a glass high frequency electrode
- neon gas: appears red or orange, for sensitive skin
- argon gas: appears violet, for oily, acenic skin
- treat a variety of conditions, including acne management, enlarged pores, fine lines and wrinkles and puffy or dark eyes.
benefits of electrical equipment (electrotherapy)
Cleanse follicles
Induce muscle relaxation
Increase blood circulation
Improve skin and muscle tone
Traditional Electrical Equipment
Steamer Vacuum Suction Galvanic Desincrustation Galvanic Iontophoresis Direct High Frequency Indirect High Frequency
Advanced Electrical Equipment
Thermo-therapy Microdermabrasion Ultrasound Micro-current Light Therapies Skin Needling
Vacuum Suction
A mechanical form of stimulating lymph within the skin.
Alternatively deep cleanses the skin by aiding in removing skin blockages upon the skin
Galvanic Desincrustation
Create an alkaline pH on the skin to saponify sebum and deep cleanse, while causing vasodilation
Using a negative polarity to perform Desincrustation
Galvanic Iontophoresis
Create an acid pH on the skin to enable deeper penetration of water based products
Positive polarity will tighten, firm skin
Direct High Frequency
High frequency forms ozone gas close to the surface of the skin. This ozone has a germicidal, healing, drying and stimulating effect
-after extractions, cause germicidal effect and heal skin, dying affect, good for blemished skin, prevents bacteria from traveling from one follicle to another
Most widely used modality
pg 430-433
Indirect High Frequency
Create a regenerating action and increase blood flow within the skin; aid in relaxation and sedation.
Great for skin that is lacking firmness and tone
Will stimulate dry skin and hair growth
-great for aging skin
*spiral
Galvanic Current
Galvanic current converts the alternating current received from an electrical outlet into a direct current. Electrons are then allowed to flow continuously in the same direction which creates a relaxation response
Galvanic contraindications
Metal implants or a pacemaker;
Braces;
Heart conditions including MVP;
Epilepsy;
Pregnancy;
High blood pressure, fever, or any infection; Diminished nerve sensibility due to diseases such as diabetes;
Open or broken skin (wounds, new scars) or inflamed pustular acne;
Couperose skin or Rosacea;
Chronic migraine headaches;
Apprehension about the use of electrical appliances
When to Use Galvanic Current
Prepares skin for extractions or assists in delivering targeted products.
Can be used in a facial after exfoliation step and prior to extraction steps.
Can be used prior to masking to deliver ingredients or final stages of facial.
Effects of Using the Galvanic Machine
Desincrustation causes an alkaline reaction to soften follicles for deep cleansing.
Iontophoresis is used for introducing a water-soluble product into the skin.
How to clean galvanic attachment
Follow manufacturer’s directions for cleaning.
Detach electrode cord from electrode and remove cotton and discard.
Wash electrode in warm soapy water, rinse and dry. Soak electrode in disinfectant, rinse, dry, and store in a no airtight container.
Never place metal electrode in an autoclave, unless directed by manufacturer.
Carefully spray and wipe electrode attachment cord, hand piece and machine with a disinfectant.
Two ways to use galvanic current (2 forms of ionic penetration)
-prep for extractions deincrustations
Anaphoresis: infusion of a negative product (Negative Pole (Cathode))
Causes an **alkaline reaction; Softens and relaxes tissue; Stimulates nerve endings; Increases blood circulation
-black cord
-infuse product to plump skin (Iontophoresis)
Cataphoresis: infusion of a positive product (Positive Pole (Anode))
Causes an **acidic reaction; Tightens the skin; Calms or soothes nerve endings; Decreases blood circulation
-red cord
both procedures 3-4 minutes max
-the opposite pole must be attached to the client (holding on, or under shoulder, must have skin contact), the active electrode on clients skin
Saponification
a chemical reaction where sebum is transformed into soap. The soap helps dissolve excess oil, clogged follicles, comedones, and other debris on skin while also softening
Ionization
Ionization: process of the separating of a substance into ions.
- serums
- ampules
