Week 7 Flashcards
What are the benefits of therapeutic exercise?
1) Remediate or prevent impairments
2) Enhance function
3) Reduce risk of injury
4) Optimize overall health
5) Enhance fitness and well-being
What is ROM in general?
The amount of arc of movement at a given joint or series of joints
Can be AROM, AAROM, or PROM
What ROM goes with what planes?
Flexion/extension - sagittal plane
Abduction/adduction - frontal plane
Rotation - transverse plane
What is ROM determined by?
Anatomy
Soft tissue
Age (older=less)
Disease
Immobilized (bracing)
What are the benefits of ROM exercise?
Maintain mobility
Prevent contractures
Enhance quality of joint surface
Pain relief, reducing fear
What are the effects of immobility?
Loss of bone density
Loss of muscle flexibility
Ligamentous contractures
Cartilage degeneration
What is active ROM?*****
The patient is using their own muscles to complete the movement
Example: lifting your arms above your head without help
What are the goals of AROM?
Engage muscle (reduce atrophy and improve circulation)
Improve muscle control
Improve proprioception
What is AAROM
The patient is an active participant in the movement but they are being supported while they are doing it (by therapist or external device)
What are the goals with AAROM?
Engage muscle (reduce atrophy and improve circulation)
Improve muscle control
Improve proprioception
–> increase the amount of movement that is occurring actively at the joint
What is PROM?
The patient is staying relaxed while the therapist or a device is moving their joint through the ROM
What is the goal with PROM?
Prevent muscle and joint contractures
Prevent breakdown of joint cartilage
Help with pain relief and circulation
Body mechanics (especially for PROM)
Have a wide base of support
Have knees bent
Have stomach tucked tight and keep back straight
Keep feet pointed in the direction of movement we want to do
What is the hand positioning going to be for PROM for upper extremity:
1) shoulder
2) Elbow
3) Cervical spine
1) bottom of elbow and wrist
2) Below elbow on top of forearm
3) Occipital tuberance
What is the hand positioning going to be for PROM for lower extremity:
1)Knee
2) Ankle
1) Under knee and heel
2) Heel and toes
What are the different types of therapeutic exercise?
Mobility: ROM, joint mobilization, stretching to increase muscle flexibility
Strength & Power: resistance training
Balance: proprioception, vision, vestibular system
Aerobic conditioning: cardio-respiratory system in conjunction with skeletal muscles
Nociceptive Pain
Pain that is localized or specific to an area in the body
Central sensitization
How your central nervous system/brain perceives pain signals
Acute - stage of healing
Initial stage of injury
LASTS 7-10 DAYS
characterized by inflammatory acute response
Goals of ACUTE stage of healing
reduce pain/inflammation
protection from further injury
prevent atrophy of surrounding tissue
Treatment in ACUTE phase
Education
Taping, bracing
Cryotherapy
Electrotherapeutic modalities
Possibly early exercise as tolerated
Sub-acute stage of healing
48 hours to 6-12 weeks post-injury
Repair of tissue
Re-absorption of inflammatory tissue
Goals of sub-acute stage
regain ROM
rebuild strength
prevent re-injury
Treatment of sub-acute stage
Progressive exercise as tolerated
Correcting compensations
Complementary treatment
- Manual therapy
- Massage therapy
- Taping, bracing
- Modalities
Remodelling stage of healing
3 weeks to 12 months post-injury
Tissue begins to resemble pre-injury state
Tissue increase ability to handle load as collagen fibres remodel
Goals of remodelling phase
restore maximum function
regain pre-injury strength, flexibility, proprioception
Treatment in remodelling phase
Predominantly exercise
Progresses to functional exercise
Education: future prevention, correcting contributing factors
