Week 7 Flashcards
two ways of seeing mental disorders
- psychological inflexibility
- dyscontrol (an involuntary, organismic impairment in psychological functioning
clinical application of meditation emphasizes… (3)
pragmatic, goal-oriented techniques
also the gradual diminishing of “self-absorption” that is characteristic of states of psychological distress
emphasizes cultivation of moment-to-moment attention, based on Buddhist vipassana or insight meditation
mindfulness provides a means of detecting the often subtle…
often subtle psychological reactions and physiological adjustments which, if undetected, lead to over-activation of the autonomic nervous system in the classic fight or flight reaction pattern
clinically based mindfulness practice incorporates the following 5 components:
cnped
a. conscious allocation of attention
b. non-judgmental awareness
c. physiological hypo-arousal
d. enhancing present-moment awareness
e. diminishing habitual patterns of cognitive, behavioral and physiological reactivity
non-judgmental awareness AKA’S
2
bare attention
choiceless awareness
non-judgmental awareness
the capacity to distinguish and simply observe perceptual events, thoughts, memories, and other mental events as they occur in the flux of awareness.
there are parallels between meditation and…
2
psychodynamic “uncovering” techniques
capacity for neutral observation of events (technical neutrality)
hypo-arousal involves… (3)
- slowing of metabolism,
- reduced energy use,
- and cognitively based broadening of awareness, which promotes relaxed awareness
mindfulness based stress reduction has emphasized the application of
stress-reduction principles primarily for medical patients, reflecting an underlying belief that illness and disease are powerful stressors
MBSR program
8 session, group based intervention, weekly meetings, 2 - 3 hours, plus a weekend retreat fur sustained practice of techniques
3 practices of MBSR
body scan, hatha yoga, setting meditation
body scan
guided exercises in which attention is systematically directed throughout the body, from one region to another (30 - 45 minutes)
hatha yoga
- gentle movements
- taught with moment-by-moment attention to encourage body awareness and helps overcome disuse atrophy
sitting meditation
involves developing capacity for sustained self-observation in which one learns to direct attention in systematic manner, ranging from breathe, physical sensations, thoughts, etc. Attend to whatever the consciousness brings
4 recommendations for future research of MBSR
- develop more multimodal assessment strategies
- focus on mindful meditation as a lifestyle
- future research on mediators (culture, gender) may impact results
- future research on program elements individually to measure each effect.
first 3 sessions of MBSR
1st. participants speak briefly about themselves and why they enrolled. body scan introduced, and ends in sitting meditation
2nd. encourage patients to accept feelings of pain, change begins to take place in which less distress about unpleasant sensations is experienced
3rd. yoga introduced, practiced for extended period of time
Acceptance and commitment therapy can be effective for what disorders? (3)
generalized anxiety disorders,
OCD,
PTSD
2 goals of ACT
- the stimulation of acceptance of problematic thoughts and feelings (that can’t be controlled)
- the obligation and action towards living according to someone’s goals and values
this means that people with anxiety disorders have to end their struggle with feelings of anxiety and take actions that will bring them closer to their life goals
first phase of ACT
Phase 1: (1-3): creating an ‘acceptation context’ to deal with the discomforts of fear. Using exercises, the costs of previous efforts to reduce fear will be shown, followed by learning ways of staying in an uncomfortable state and looking at it from a ‘mindful’ perspective.
second phase of ACT (4)
Phase 2 (3-8):
- Identification of life goals and
- learning a more flexible way of behaving when confronted with fear.
- Mindfulness skills will be used
- the therapist will help the client make obligations and to take action towards the identified life goals.
third phase of ACT (2)
Phase 3 (8-12):
- Helping clients to take action towards achieving goals in their natural environment. These goals will be concrete, reachable and based upon the life goals specified in phase 2.
- During the whole treatment, metaphors are useful to help people look at specific thoughts and emotions that may be too scary to deal with in a direct way.
ACT is a ____ progression
ACT is a non-linear progression
White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI)
measures tendency to suppress and to fight unwanted thoughts and feelings
difference between CBT and ACT therapists
CBT is more focused on changing the evaluation of the external or internal emotional cues
ACT focuses more on changing the reaction of a person’s emotions by letting them accept instead of changing it.
