Week 7

Question 1

two ways of seeing mental disorders

Answer 1

1. psychological inflexibility
2. dyscontrol (an involuntary, organismic impairment in psychological functioning

Question 2

clinical application of meditation emphasizes… (3)

Answer 2

pragmatic, goal-oriented techniques

also the gradual diminishing of “self-absorption” that is characteristic of states of psychological distress

emphasizes cultivation of moment-to-moment attention, based on Buddhist vipassana or insight meditation

Question 3

mindfulness provides a means of detecting the often subtle…

Answer 3

often subtle psychological reactions and physiological adjustments which, if undetected, lead to over-activation of the autonomic nervous system in the classic fight or flight reaction pattern

Question 4

clinically based mindfulness practice incorporates the following 5 components:

cnped

Answer 4

a. conscious allocation of attention
b. non-judgmental awareness
c. physiological hypo-arousal
d. enhancing present-moment awareness
e. diminishing habitual patterns of cognitive, behavioral and physiological reactivity

Question 5

non-judgmental awareness AKA’S

2

Answer 5

bare attention

choiceless awareness

Question 6

non-judgmental awareness

Answer 6

the capacity to distinguish and simply observe perceptual events, thoughts, memories, and other mental events as they occur in the flux of awareness.

Question 7

there are parallels between meditation and…

2

Answer 7

psychodynamic “uncovering” techniques

capacity for neutral observation of events (technical neutrality)

Question 8

hypo-arousal involves… (3)

Answer 8

1. slowing of metabolism,
2. reduced energy use,
3. and cognitively based broadening of awareness, which promotes relaxed awareness

Question 9

mindfulness based stress reduction has emphasized the application of

Answer 9

stress-reduction principles primarily for medical patients, reflecting an underlying belief that illness and disease are powerful stressors

Question 10

MBSR program

Answer 10

8 session, group based intervention, weekly meetings, 2 - 3 hours, plus a weekend retreat fur sustained practice of techniques

Question 11

3 practices of MBSR

Answer 11

body scan, hatha yoga, setting meditation

Question 12

body scan

Answer 12

guided exercises in which attention is systematically directed throughout the body, from one region to another (30 - 45 minutes)

Question 13

hatha yoga

Answer 13

• gentle movements
• taught with moment-by-moment attention to encourage body awareness and helps overcome disuse atrophy

Question 14

sitting meditation

Answer 14

involves developing capacity for sustained self-observation in which one learns to direct attention in systematic manner, ranging from breathe, physical sensations, thoughts, etc. Attend to whatever the consciousness brings

Question 15

4 recommendations for future research of MBSR

Answer 15

1. develop more multimodal assessment strategies
2. focus on mindful meditation as a lifestyle
3. future research on mediators (culture, gender) may impact results
4. future research on program elements individually to measure each effect.

Question 16

first 3 sessions of MBSR

Answer 16

1st. participants speak briefly about themselves and why they enrolled. body scan introduced, and ends in sitting meditation

2nd. encourage patients to accept feelings of pain, change begins to take place in which less distress about unpleasant sensations is experienced

3rd. yoga introduced, practiced for extended period of time

Question 17

Acceptance and commitment therapy can be effective for what disorders? (3)

Answer 17

generalized anxiety disorders,
OCD,
PTSD

Question 18

2 goals of ACT

Answer 18

1. the stimulation of acceptance of problematic thoughts and feelings (that can’t be controlled)
2. the obligation and action towards living according to someone’s goals and values

this means that people with anxiety disorders have to end their struggle with feelings of anxiety and take actions that will bring them closer to their life goals

Question 19

first phase of ACT

Answer 19

Phase 1: (1-3): creating an ‘acceptation context’ to deal with the discomforts of fear. Using exercises, the costs of previous efforts to reduce fear will be shown, followed by learning ways of staying in an uncomfortable state and looking at it from a ‘mindful’ perspective.

Question 20

second phase of ACT (4)

Answer 20

Phase 2 (3-8):
- Identification of life goals and
- learning a more flexible way of behaving when confronted with fear.
- Mindfulness skills will be used
- the therapist will help the client make obligations and to take action towards the identified life goals.

Question 21

third phase of ACT (2)

Answer 21

Phase 3 (8-12):
- Helping clients to take action towards achieving goals in their natural environment. These goals will be concrete, reachable and based upon the life goals specified in phase 2.
- During the whole treatment, metaphors are useful to help people look at specific thoughts and emotions that may be too scary to deal with in a direct way.

Question 22

ACT is a ____ progression

Answer 22

ACT is a non-linear progression

Question 23

White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI)

Answer 23

measures tendency to suppress and to fight unwanted thoughts and feelings

Question 24

difference between CBT and ACT therapists

Answer 24

CBT is more focused on changing the evaluation of the external or internal emotional cues

ACT focuses more on changing the reaction of a person’s emotions by letting them accept instead of changing it.

Question 25

ACT control over anxiety findings

Answer 25

should have had less control over anxiety, but 2 out of the 3 clients had more sense of control over fear.

Question 26

Dual-process models of addiction propose that

Answer 26

alcohol and drug use are influenced by automatic motivational responses to substance use cues.

Question 27

what did the article “Mindfulness decouples the relation between automatic alcohol motivation and heavy drinking” examine

Answer 27

examined whether mindfulness decouples the relation between automatic alcohol motivation and heavy drinking.

Question 28

method of “Mindfulness decouples the relation between automatic alcohol motivation and heavy drinking” study

Answer 28

Regular drinkers completed a measure of automatic alcohol motivation at baseline, three mindfulness or control training sessions, and recent heavy drinking at a follow-up session.

Question 29

results of “Mindfulness decouples the relation between automatic alcohol motivation and heavy drinking” study

Answer 29

Regression analyses indicate that the relation between automatic alcohol motivation and heavy drinking was weaker in participants who received mindfulness training.

These data contribute to dual-process theories of addiction by being among the first to document that an intervention can weaken the relation between automatic mental processes and alcohol use