Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CBT > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

EMDR

A

eye movement desensitization and reprocessing

used to treat posttraumatic stress disorder

recalls trauma memories while making horizontal eye movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

emdr vs cbt

A

same efficacy (effectiveness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how to test emdr on healthy patients

A
  1. healthy patients recall unpleasant memories for a few seconds. They rate these memories in terms of vividness and emotionality.
  2. They then recall those memories for a second, longer time. During this second recall, there is either no dual task or the participant makes eye movements while recalling the memories.
  3. After a break, lasting from between minutes to a few days, memory is recalled under same conditions as first time and is rated again in terms of vividness and emotionality
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 hypothesis that were tested for EMDR

A
  1. emdr works by recalling aversive memories and eye movements do not contribute anything
  2. emdr works by stimulating interhemispheric communication
  3. emdr works by taxing working memory during recall
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

hypothesis 1. emdr works by recalling aversive memories and eye movements do not contribute anything

true or false

A

significant difference with use of eye movements to vividness and emotionality of memory before and after

hypothesis 1 is false based on meta analysis, very robust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

why could emdr work by stimulating interhemispheric communication

A

eye movements could increase communication between left and right brain hemispheres, thereby enhancing the ability to remember an aversive event while not being negatively aroused and that it does not matter which sensory channels are used to stimulate “interhemispheric communication” as long as the stimulus is alternating and rhythmically left-right: beeps that are presented left and then right, left and right tactile stimulation, left and right taps on the table, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

hypothesis 2. emdr works by stimulating interhemispheric communication

true or false based on evidence

A

moving eyes vertically decreases vividness and emotionality just as much, but interhemispheric communication is stimulated more by horizontal eye movement than by vertical eye movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why could emdr work by taxing working memory during recall

A

we are doing 2 tasks and they must compete for the working memory, there is limited capacity. Recalling emotional memory and making eye movements both require WM capacity. This means it doesn’t matter if it is horizontal or vertical eye movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

imagination inflation effect

A

when a person tries to form a vivid and detailed image during recall, this influences the original memory, which becomes more vivid and realistic.

recall + eye movement combination will lead to imagination deflation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

consequences of WM theory

A

means that any task should reduce emotionality of memory, this has been found.

Also positive memories should be less positive after doing a task, this has also been found.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

uses of emdr

A

not only trauma, but for other disorders, ones that were intensified by an unpleasant event. Disorders such as anxiety disorders, eating disorders, hypochondriasis, depression, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

reaction time task

A

a way to determine how much cognitive capacity a mental task requires. task A is administered, and RT is measured. Task B is added to task A and difference in RT is how much WM is taxed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

who benefits more from eye movements procedures

A

people with low working memory capacity should benefit more from making eye movements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

inverted U and the WM theory

A

distracting task must be not too hard or not too easy

there is an invert U with memory emotionality and task difficulty

research confirms this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

different versions of trauma focused cognitive behavior therapy

A

prolonged exposure therapy
cognitive processing therapy
cognitive therapy for ptsd
emdr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

similarities of trauma therapy

A

access trauma memory and change meaning of trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

who developed emdr

A

Francine shapiro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Shapiro theory of emdr

A

catalyzes a rebalancing in the NeuroSystems, by shifting information that is locked up in the central nervous system to the two hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

fear extinction is absent in…

A

ptsd patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

fear extinction learning improved in ptsd patients after…

A

emdr therapy compared to control group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

TAU

A

watchful waiting or treatment as usual

22
Q

what symptoms is EMDR good at reducing

2

A

reducing anxiety and dissociative symptoms

23
Q

nonsignificant effectiveness for emdr in what disorders (4)

A

emdr is not good for
social anxiety,
simple phobia,
panic disorder,
agoraphobia,

everything else is good

24
Q

why do therapists prefer emdr over exposure

A
  • emdr is assumed to be faster than EXP
  • emdr is assumed to be less burdance
25
Q

misconceptions of trauma focused therapy

6

peecip

A
  1. patients who tend to dissociate and have low levels of emotion regulation cannot cope with this therapy
  2. exposure is too burdensome
  3. exposure will cause ptsd symptoms to increase
  4. comorbid complaints will increase
  5. it is better to postpone treatment when the patient is in stressful circumstances
  6. patients are anxious, therapists are brave
26
Q

trauma focused treatment for ptsd are often not used due to

2

A

false beliefs about them

fear of therapists to be confronted with intense emotions from the patient

27
Q

do beeps in EMDR tax WM capacity

A

they do not tax WM capacity

28
Q

are beeps effective

A

no.

29
Q

mindfulness based cognitive therapy is effective in…

A

preventing relapse after treatment for depression and treating patients with depression

30
Q

parallels in EMDR and MBCT

A

both start with patients reporting disturbing thoughts or images; patients are instructed not to suppress the images, but to accept them; and patients are advised to perform another task while having those thoughts

31
Q

does MB (mindful breathing) tax WM?

A

yes, RTs increased when MBing

MB taxes WM to the same degree as eye movements and both techniques affect vividness and emotionality of unpleasant memories

32
Q

is bilateral stimulation playing a crucial role in EMDR

A

no

33
Q

is the WM theory strong

A

yes, the strongest

34
Q

gene stress interaction hypothesis

A

suggests that prolonged exposure to psychosocial distress may with time contribute to sustained dysregulation leading to dopamine sensitization and increase stress-induced dopamine release

vulnerability to such neurochemical change is proposed to be genetically influenced

35
Q

cognitive behavioral treatment models of psychosis propose that anxiety does not…

A

anxiety does not arise directly from positive symptoms of psychosis but rather from an individual interpretation of those symptoms and personal meanings attached to such experiences

36
Q

appraisal

A

the cognitive evaluation and interpretation of a phenomenon or event

37
Q

Raymond goal of treatment

A

used CBTp which focused on cognitive restructuring of paranoid appraisals of voices and graded behavioral exposure to anxiety-inducing stimuli.

38
Q

how were outcomes evaluated with Raymond

A

standardized measurements, subjective reflections, and behavior frequency samples

39
Q

5 interventions used in Raymond

(PCBCS)

A
  • psychoeducation
  • cognitive restructuring of delusional appraisals of voices
  • behavioral training (graded exposure)
  • cognitive therapy for secondary symptoms
  • self-management planning (relapse prevention)
40
Q

is CBTp effective for Raymond

A

yes, used BSI to find out (Brief Symptom Inventory) and measure symptoms

41
Q

List of 3 goals for Raymond with 16 sessions of CBTp

A

enhancement of strategies to cope with voices, paranoid/delusional beliefs and anxiety, and reestablishment of autonomy at nights

42
Q

positive symptoms of psychosis

A

hallucinations and delusions for example

43
Q

3 factors that influence outcome of studies from meta-analysis on psychosis and CBT-P

A

a. procedures related to raters who are blinded to group assignment
b. inclusion of follow-up assessment several months after the posttreatment assessment
c. inclusion of an active control group

44
Q

CBT for positive symptoms of psychosis in controlled studies

A

modest but significant positive impact in controlled studies

45
Q

relapse prevention and CBT-P

A

mixed results, needs more investigation.

46
Q

CBT-P and hallucinations

A

it does positively impact hallucinations at end of treatment but benefits tend to be lost in follow-ups. However, treatment that incorporates other therapeutic elements (family involvement, coping skills) maybe important to maintenance of benefits.

47
Q

CBT-P and delusions

A

improved

48
Q

individuals with schizophrenia disengage from activities for 2 primary reasons

A
  1. in response to positive symptoms to cope with distressing delusional beliefs, perceived threats, voices, and so forth
  2. as a self protective, compensatory response to negative expectations about performance and lack of anticipated pleasure in activities
49
Q

presentce and severity of defeatist beliefs helps to explain…

A

relative expression of negative symptoms, a target for cbt

50
Q

CBT-P and acute psychosis

A

generally positive

51
Q

3 predictors of good response to CBT-P

A

distress,

awareness of deficits,

lower conviction in beliefs.

52
Q

5 goals of CBT-P

eecsr

A

establish strong therapeutic alliance

education about the illness

cognitive and behavioral strategies for reducing stress directly related to hallucinations and delusions

suggesting reality testing experiments

reducing relapse

CBT (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions