Week 6 Trait Theory Flashcards
Lexical Hypothesis:
The idea that important personality characteristics will become encoded in language.
Factor Analysis:
A statistical method used to identify underlying factors or dimensions in a dataset.
Big Five Model:
A widely accepted model of personality that identifies five broad traits: Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.
HEXACO Model:
A six-factor model of personality that includes the Big Five traits plus Honesty-Humility.
Dark Triad/Tetrad:
A cluster of negative personality traits: Machiavellianism, Psychopathy, Narcissism, and (in the Tetrad) Everyday Sadism.
Person-Situation Debate:
A debate in personality psychology about the relative influence of personality traits versus situational factors on behaviour.
Affectivity:
An individual’s typical patterns of experiencing positive and negative emotions.
Dispositional Optimism:
A stable tendency to view the world in a positive light.
Learned Optimism:
The idea that individuals can learn to develop optimistic thinking patterns.
ABC Format (Seligman):
A model of learned optimism that focuses on changing beliefs (B) about adversity (A) to influence consequences (C).
Cardinal Traits:
Dominant traits that heavily influence an individual’s behaviour.
Central Traits:
The 5-10 traits that best describe an individual’s personality.
Secondary Traits:
Less consistent and less generally applicable traits than central traits.
