Week 6: Strategies for Teaching and Learning Movements Flashcards
What makes up motor learning?
environment
task
person
What are the 3 stages of motor learning
cognitive
associative
autonmous
what is the cognitive stage?
make a lot of errors
have a basic understanding of the movement ofr skill
thinking of and learning the movements
what is the associative stage?
autonmatically has technique
can recognized and feel errors
errors are not major
what is the autonomous stage?
movements are autonomic
doesn’t think about technique anymore
difficult to correct improper from learned at this stage
What is an open vs. closed type of movement
open - variable conditions requiring instant adaption
closed - skill occurs in constant environment (minimal variations)
What is discrete vs. continuous?
discrete - has an inherent beginning and endpoint -
ex: setting the brakes on a wheelchair
continuous - has no inherent beginning or end - performer arbitrarily decides when to begin or end the task
ex: driving a car or propelling a wheelchair
what is stability vs mobility?
requires a stable base of support - stability
mobility - task demands associated with a mobile base of support
What is linked to concepts essential to teaching and learning?
attention, interference, response alternatives, and accuracy demands
What questions should i consider regarding how I am teaching someone?
- Is the learner’s attention directed at the task or is there interference going on?
- Is the task presented personally meaningful to engage the individual?
- are the stimuli being received by the individual compatible with the motor response being requested?
What is a massed versus distributed practice?
massed - session in which the amount of practice time in a trial is greater than the amount of rest between trials, may lead to fatigue, enhances short-term recall
distributed - session in which the amount of rest between trials is equal to or greater than the amount of time for a trial. Enhances overall performance or retention
What is constant versus variable practice?
constant is uniformed practice, repeated skill in same way each time, maximize skill performance under certain conditions and tasks require minimal variations and will be performed in constant conditions
variable is conditions and types of practice vary between practice attempts, varying the practice requires more active learning and problem-solving, enhances retention and generalizability, of the skill to the novel tasks and it may be more essential when learning tasks that are likely to be performed in variable conditions
what is random vs. blocked practice?
random - practice a number of skills in an unpredictable order, varying the order in which you practice rolling scooting, and sitting up. It enhances retention and generalizability.
blocked - practice each set of skills in a blocked fashion, practice each set of skills until some degree of success is achieved before moving on to another skill.
practicing scooting, rolling, and assuming sit from supine in the same order and in the same way. enhances early performance
what is whole vs. part practice?
whole - occurs when the task is practiced as a whole rather than separately
part - occurs when the task is broken down into component parts and the pt practices each part prior to performing the whole task.
Discovery vs. guided practice?
discovery practice - uses trial and error
guided practice - patient is physically guided through the task
