Week 6 - Skeletal System

Question 1

What is a process?

Answer 1

Any projection or bump.

Question 2

What is a trochanter?

Answer 2

Large rough projection

Question 3

What is a Tuberosity?

Answer 3

Smaller rough projection.

Question 4

What is a Tubercle?

Answer 4

Small round projection.

Question 5

What is a crest?

Answer 5

A Ridge.

Question 6

What is a spine?

Answer 6

A pointed process.

Question 7

What are the different articulating surfaces types?

Answer 7

Head - Expanded epiphysis
Condyle - Smooth and rounded
Facet - Small and flat

Question 8

What are the different types of Openings?

Answer 8

Foramen - Passageway for blood vessel of nerve.
Canal - Passageway through bone.

Question 9

What are the bones of the cranium?

Answer 9

Frontal bone
• Forehead, superior surface
of orbits

Parietal bones
• Sides, roof

Temporal bones
• Sides, base

Occipital bone
• Foramen magnum

Sphenoid bone
• Bridge between cranial and
facial bones

Ethmoid bone
• Cribriform plate
• Nasal septum

Question 10

Base of the cranium - transverse section from anterior to posterior.

Answer 10

Frontal Bone
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Parietal
Occipital

FESPO

Question 11

What are the functions of the facial bones?

Answer 11

Supporting cavities and sense organs(eye, olfactory)
Attachment of muscles/structures for mastication (chewing), speech and facial expression.
Protection

Question 12

What are the facial bones?

Answer 12

Maxillary Bones
Zygomatic Bones
- Zygomatic arch ( with temporal bones)
Mandible
Nasal Bones
nasal Conchae
Nasal septum

Question 13

What are the Paranasal sinuses?

Answer 13

Frontal Sinus
Ethmoidal Sinuses
Sphenoidal sinus
Maxillary sinus

Question 14

What are the parts of the vertebral column (spine)

Answer 14

26 Bones
7 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx(tailbone)

Curvature helps alignment of weight.

Question 15

What are the functions of the different parts of a vertebrae?

Answer 15

Body
• Weightbearing
• Articulate with bodies above/below
• Separated by intervertebral discs

Arch
• Consists of pedicle & lamina
• Supports transverse & spinous processes
• Surrounds vertebral foramen,
protects spinal cord

Spinous process
• Muscle attachment

Transverse process
• Muscle attachment

Articular processes
• Articular facets
• Articulate with vertebrae above/below

Question 16

Describe the regional variation in the vertebral anatomy.

Answer 16

Cervical - Oval body, transverse foramina, Bífidus (split) spinous process
Thoracic - Heart-shaped body, facets for articulation with ribs. Long inferiority directed spinous process.
Lumbar - Massive (heaviest loading), Blade-like transverse processes.

Question 17

What is the structure and function of the thoracic cage?

Answer 17

Components:
Sternum
Ribs - Seven pairs of true ribs, five pairs of false ribs.

Functions: Protection of thoracic contents, allowing expansion and contraction for ventilation.

Question 18

Structure of ribs

Answer 18

Curved flat bone
Head articulates with vertebral body
Tubercle articulates with transverse process of vertebra
Costal cartilages articulate with sternum

Question 19

What are the components and functions of the pectoral girdle?

Answer 19

Components: Clavicles
Scapulae - Acromion, Scapular spine, Glenoid cavity.

Functions: Enable versatile movement, articulation for arm.

Question 20

Describe the humerus bone

Answer 20

head articulates with scapula
Several sites of muscle attachment
Distal condoles articulate with forearm.

Question 21

Describe Radius and Ulna

Answer 21

Radius:
Lateral (thumb side)
Head articulates with humerus
Distal end participates in wrist joint

Ulna:
trochlear notch articulates with humerus
Olecranon forms point of elbow.

Question 22

What are the bones of the wrist and hand?

Answer 22

Two rows of carpal bones - Proximal row articulate with radius, Distal row articulate with metacarpals.
Metacarpals - support palm, numbered I to V
Phalanges (finger bones) - articulate with metacarpals, Three phalanges/finger, two phalanges/thumb.

Question 23

Pelvis Components and functions

Answer 23

Components - Os coxae (coxal bones), Sacrum, Coccyx
Functions - Support, articulation of leg

Question 24

What are the parts of the Os coxae?

Answer 24

Ilium, Ischium, Pubis
Features include:
Iliac crest, Acetabulum, Ischial tuberosities.

Question 25

Describe Femur bone

Answer 25

Head
neck
Greater trochanter
Shaft
Condyles

Question 26

Describe the Tibia and fibula

Answer 26

Features of the tibia:
Medial and Lateral condyles - articular with femur
Medial malleolus
Distal articular surface - participates in ankle joint

Features of the Fibula:
Articulation of head with tibia
Lateral Malleolus
Distal articular surface - participates in ankle joint.

Question 27

Describe the bones of the ankle and foot

Answer 27

Ankle: Seven tarsal bones including -
Talus - joint with tibia and fibula
calcaneus (heel bone) - major load-bearing bone

Foot: Metatarsal bones numbered I to V
Phalanges(toes) -
Hallux, proximal and distal
Other toes, proximal, middle and distal

Question 28

what is the difference in the male and female pelvis

Answer 28

Male: Pelvic outlet relatively narrow and have a pubic angle of less than 90 degrees
Female: Pelvic outlet relatively broad and have a pubic angle of more than 100 degrees