Week 6 - Skeletal System Flashcards
What is a process?
Any projection or bump.
What is a trochanter?
Large rough projection
What is a Tuberosity?
Smaller rough projection.
What is a Tubercle?
Small round projection.
What is a crest?
A Ridge.
What is a spine?
A pointed process.
What are the different articulating surfaces types?
Head - Expanded epiphysis
Condyle - Smooth and rounded
Facet - Small and flat
What are the different types of Openings?
Foramen - Passageway for blood vessel of nerve.
Canal - Passageway through bone.
What are the bones of the cranium?
Frontal bone
• Forehead, superior surface
of orbits
Parietal bones
• Sides, roof
Temporal bones
• Sides, base
Occipital bone
• Foramen magnum
Sphenoid bone
• Bridge between cranial and
facial bones
Ethmoid bone
• Cribriform plate
• Nasal septum
Base of the cranium - transverse section from anterior to posterior.
Frontal Bone
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Parietal
Occipital
FESPO
What are the functions of the facial bones?
Supporting cavities and sense organs(eye, olfactory)
Attachment of muscles/structures for mastication (chewing), speech and facial expression.
Protection
What are the facial bones?
Maxillary Bones
Zygomatic Bones
- Zygomatic arch ( with temporal bones)
Mandible
Nasal Bones
nasal Conchae
Nasal septum
What are the Paranasal sinuses?
Frontal Sinus
Ethmoidal Sinuses
Sphenoidal sinus
Maxillary sinus
What are the parts of the vertebral column (spine)
26 Bones
7 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx(tailbone)
Curvature helps alignment of weight.
What are the functions of the different parts of a vertebrae?
Body
• Weightbearing
• Articulate with bodies above/below
• Separated by intervertebral discs
Arch
• Consists of pedicle & lamina
• Supports transverse & spinous processes
• Surrounds vertebral foramen,
protects spinal cord
Spinous process
• Muscle attachment
Transverse process
• Muscle attachment
Articular processes
• Articular facets
• Articulate with vertebrae above/below
Describe the regional variation in the vertebral anatomy.
Cervical - Oval body, transverse foramina, Bífidus (split) spinous process
Thoracic - Heart-shaped body, facets for articulation with ribs. Long inferiority directed spinous process.
Lumbar - Massive (heaviest loading), Blade-like transverse processes.
What is the structure and function of the thoracic cage?
Components:
Sternum
Ribs - Seven pairs of true ribs, five pairs of false ribs.
Functions: Protection of thoracic contents, allowing expansion and contraction for ventilation.
Structure of ribs
Curved flat bone
Head articulates with vertebral body
Tubercle articulates with transverse process of vertebra
Costal cartilages articulate with sternum
What are the components and functions of the pectoral girdle?
Components: Clavicles
Scapulae - Acromion, Scapular spine, Glenoid cavity.
Functions: Enable versatile movement, articulation for arm.
Describe the humerus bone
head articulates with scapula
Several sites of muscle attachment
Distal condoles articulate with forearm.
Describe Radius and Ulna
Radius:
Lateral (thumb side)
Head articulates with humerus
Distal end participates in wrist joint
Ulna:
trochlear notch articulates with humerus
Olecranon forms point of elbow.
What are the bones of the wrist and hand?
Two rows of carpal bones - Proximal row articulate with radius, Distal row articulate with metacarpals.
Metacarpals - support palm, numbered I to V
Phalanges (finger bones) - articulate with metacarpals, Three phalanges/finger, two phalanges/thumb.
Pelvis Components and functions
Components - Os coxae (coxal bones), Sacrum, Coccyx
Functions - Support, articulation of leg
What are the parts of the Os coxae?
Ilium, Ischium, Pubis
Features include:
Iliac crest, Acetabulum, Ischial tuberosities.
Describe Femur bone
Head
neck
Greater trochanter
Shaft
Condyles
Describe the Tibia and fibula
Features of the tibia:
Medial and Lateral condyles - articular with femur
Medial malleolus
Distal articular surface - participates in ankle joint
Features of the Fibula:
Articulation of head with tibia
Lateral Malleolus
Distal articular surface - participates in ankle joint.
Describe the bones of the ankle and foot
Ankle: Seven tarsal bones including -
Talus - joint with tibia and fibula
calcaneus (heel bone) - major load-bearing bone
Foot: Metatarsal bones numbered I to V
Phalanges(toes) -
Hallux, proximal and distal
Other toes, proximal, middle and distal
what is the difference in the male and female pelvis
Male: Pelvic outlet relatively narrow and have a pubic angle of less than 90 degrees
Female: Pelvic outlet relatively broad and have a pubic angle of more than 100 degrees
