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ICM Exam 1 > Week 6 - Sensitive Exams > Flashcards

Week 6 - Sensitive Exams Flashcards

1
Q

2 ROS Questions

A
  1. Any skin changes, pain, or nipple discharge?

2. Any problems or changes with your urination?

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2
Q

Gravida

A

Total number of pregnancies

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3
Q

Term

A

Number of pregnancies that ended at 38 weeks

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4
Q

Preterm

A

Number of pregnancies that ended between 20-37 weeks

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5
Q

Abortions

A

Number of pregnancies that ended prior to 20 weeks

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6
Q

What might a “Peau D’Orange” breast be caused by?

A

Blocked lymph drainage in advance or inflmmatory breast cancer

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7
Q

Should venous patterns be symmetric in the breasts?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Light-Skinned Women Areola Chagnes

A

Turns brown with first pregnancy and remains dark

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9
Q

Dark-Skinned Women Areola Changes

A

Brown before pregnancy

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10
Q

Montogmery Tubercles

A

Sebaceous glands on areola of breast that lubricate during breast-feeding

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11
Q

What should the nipples be free of?

A
  1. Crusting
  2. Cracking
  3. Discharge
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12
Q

Areola color variations

A

Light pink to very dark brown or black

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13
Q

Are supernumerary nipples more common in black or white women? Where are they often located?

A

Black; embryonic mammary line or “milk line”

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14
Q

What are supernumery nipples possibly associated with? Particulary in who?

A

Congenital renal or cardiac anomalies; whites

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15
Q

Arms over head or flexed behind the neck promote what? Seated and leaning forward?

A

Suspensory ligaments, dimpling

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16
Q

How do we assess pectoral muscles?

A

Seated with hands pressed against hips with shoulders rolled forward

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17
Q

Where do we systematically palpate?

A
  1. Breasts
  2. Axillae
  3. Supraclavicular/infraclavicular regions
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18
Q

How should the breasts feel?

A

Dense, firm, and elastic

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19
Q

When are changes in breasts least noticeable?

A

Week after menses

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20
Q 
Cancer of breast for:
Number
Shape
Consistency
Mobility
A
  1. Single
  2. Irregular or stellate
  3. Hard, stonelike
  4. Fixed
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21
Q

What does Tanner Stages describe?

A
  1. Breast development
  2. Pubic hair distibution
  3. Growth and maturation of genitalia
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22
Q

Stage 1 Tanner

A

Prepubertal state

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23
Q

Stage 5 Tanner

A

Adult development

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24
Q

What would UNILATERAL labial swelling, redness, or tenderness indicate?

A

Bartholin Gland Infection

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25
Q

Normal clitoris size

A

2cm in length and 0.5cm in diameter; increase in this could be masculinizing condition

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26
Q

2 Glands we look for in the vagina

A
  1. Skene glands (up top)

2. Bartholin glands

27
Q

Cystocele

A

Hernial protrusion of urinary bladder through anterior wall of vagina

28
Q

More severe cystocele’s are accompanied by what?

A

Urinary stress incontinence

29
Q

What is a rectocele seen as?

A

Bulge on posterior wall of vagina; hernia of part of rectum

30
Q

What is “Chadwick’s Sign”?

A

Bluish color (vascular) of cervix, possible sign of pregnancy

31
Q

What is a pale cervix associated with?

A

Anemia

32
Q

Bacterial Discharge

A

Odor w/ color varying from white to yellow, green, or gray

33
Q

Difference in vaginal walls for premenopausal/post

A 
Pre = tugae on walls
Post = smooth walls
34
Q

How big should the uterus be?

A

5.5-8cm

35
Q

3 things associated with large uterus

A
  1. Pregnancy
  2. Fibroid
  3. Tumor
36
Q

Should the uterus be midline? If not?

A

Yes; possible adhesions, pelvic masses, or pregnancy

37
Q

Ovaries size?

A

3X2X1cm

38
Q

What would cause an extremely tight spincter?

A
  1. Anxiety about examination
  2. Scarring
  3. Spasticity caused by fissures, lesions, or inflammation
39
Q

What would cause a lax sphincter?

A

Neurological deficit

40
Q

Balanitis

A

Inflammation of the glans of the penis (could cause foreskin to not be retractable)

41
Q

When is Balanitis most commonly seen?

A

Men with poorly contolled diabetes

42
Q

Priapasm

A

Erection lasting longer than 4 hours

43
Q

When could Priapasm occur when not idiopathic?

A

Leukemia, hemoglobinopathies, sickle cell, medications

44
Q

Which testicle should be further down?

A

L; longer spermatic cord

45
Q

What does thickness of scrotum vary with?

A

Temp and age

46
Q

Irregular size of testes could be what?

A
  1. Infection
  2. Cyst (spermatocele of epididymis)
  3. Tumor
47
Q

What could an unsmooth vas derens be caused by?

A

Diabetes or TB

48
Q

What can cause perianal irritation?

A
  1. Fungal infection (more common in adults)

2. Pinworms (more common in children)

49
Q

When is the best time to visualize pinworms?

A

While they are asleep

50
Q

Perianal Abscess

A

Collection of pus outside anus

51
Q

What are nodules in the anus called?

A

Shelf lesions

52
Q

Where are the shelf lesions?

A

Just above prostate in men and in cul-de-sac of females

53
Q

Size of prostate?

A

4cm with 1cm protrusion into rectum

54
Q

Should the prostate be tender?

A

No

55
Q

How is prostate classified?

A

Amount of protrusion into rectum

56
Q

Grades of Prostate Enlargement

A

1: 1-2cm
2. 2-3cm
3. 3-4cm
4. >4cm

57
Q

Do we have pre-test dietary restrictions in FIT? (fecal immunochemical test) Percentages?

A

No; sens=5-63% and spec = 95-98%

58
Q

Stool DNA test?

A

No pre-test dietary restrictions; should be done every 3 years

59
Q

Stool DNA test percentages?

A

Sens = 93% and Spec = 87%

60
Q

What does a positive guaiac-based FOBT test indicate?

A

Abnormal bleeding somehwere in digestive tract

61
Q

FIT postive test

A

Abnormal bleeding in lower GI tract

62
Q

What does FIT only detect?

A

Human Hgb; other souces of blood don’t make for positive test

63
Q

Hgb from upper digestive tract bleeding

A

Broken down into other elemetnst before it reaches lower digestive tract

ICM Exam 1 (7 decks)

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