Week 6 (Morphology Vocabulary) Flashcards
affix
a word able to be added to a root or base word to create a new meaning (e.g., un/reasonable)
affixiation
process of a bound morpheme (affix) is attached to a morphological base
agglutinating language
synthetic language where words are formed by putting together morphemes
allomorph
a unique form that carry the same meaning but alternative phonological shape
alternation
the switching of two languages or variation in form or sound of a word
ambiguity
speech or text that is open to multiple interpretations
analytic language
any language that organizes words and grammar to express syntactic relations
bound morpheme
have no linguistic meaning unless connected to a root or base word (e.g., -ing)
bound root
a bound morpheme, cannot occur separate from a morpheme (e.g., -ceive)
closed lexical category
conjunctions, determiners, pronouns, and prepositions
compounding
a word that consists or more than one stem
conjunction
a part of speech that connects words
content morpheme
a root that forms the semantic core of a major class word
content word
possess conceptual meaning (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs)
derivation
historical explanation for word or phrase origin
determiner
a word placed before a noun to provide info (quantity, ownership, specificity)
form
a meaningful unit of speech (e.g., word, phrase, sentence, morpheme, suffix)
free morpheme
a morpheme that can stand alone (e.g., dog)
function morpheme
words that demonstrate a functional role between words (e.g., but, what, he)
function word
articles, auxiliaries, demonstratives, quantifiers, prepositions, pronouns, and conjunctions
fusional language
a synthetic language formed by the fusion of morphemes
hierarchical structure
ordering of units by size, subordination, or abstraction
homophony
words of different origins become identical in pronunciation
incorporation
when a noun is moved into the verb (e.g., babysit, woodchopped)
infix
affix that is incorporated inside another word
inflection
change in the form of a word (e.g., -s, -ing, -ed)
input
spoken or printed elements of the target language
lexical category
classes of words
lexicon
vocabulary of a language
morpheme
a short segment of a language that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful segments
morphology
the study of forms
open lexical catergory
when the new word and the original word belong to the same category (nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs)
output
the language a learner produces (written and spoken)
partial reduplication
reduplication of only part of a word
polysynthetic language
synthetic language where words consist of several morphemes
prefix
affix attached or joined to a base/stem/root
preposition
a word that appears before its complement (e.g., of, in, to)
productive
the degree that native speakers use a particular grammatical process
pronoun
a word that takes the place of a noun
reduplicant
unit repeated in reduplication
reduplication
a process where meaning is expressed by repeating part or all of a word
root
core of a word that cannot be separated into more meaningful elements
simultaneous affix
an affix articulated at the same time as another affix (e.g., write to each other)
stem
part of a word that holds lexical meaning
suffix
affix added after the stem of a word
suppletion
use of one word to inflect on another when the two words are not a cognate (e.g., highly irregular)
