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therapeutic communication > week 6 - mental health > Flashcards

week 6 - mental health Flashcards

1
Q

mental heath etiology

A
  • precise etiology is not completely understood but we do know that mental illness results in some dysfunction in the brain
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2
Q

3 broad categories of factors that interact to influence all health and disease including mental health

A
  1. biological
  2. psychological
  3. social/cultural
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3
Q

define biological in terms of mental health etiology

A

brain injury from trauma, infection, genetic abnormalities, malnutrition, hormonal imbalance, toxins - can all contribute to increased risk of mental illness

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4
Q

define psychological in terms of mental health etiology

A

stressful events

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5
Q

define social/cultural in terms of mental health etiology

A

parents, socioeconomic status, race, culture, religion, interpersonal
relationships

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6
Q

8 schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders that DSM-5 captures

A
  1. Schizotypal (personality) Disorder
  2. Delusional Disorder
  3. Brief Psychotic Disorder
  4. Schizophreniform Disorder
  5. Schizophrenia
  6. Schizoaffective Disorder
  7. Substance / Medication-Induced Psychotic Disorder
  8. Psychotic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
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7
Q

psychosis

A

a condition in which a person experiences a disconnection with reality, usually involving delusions or hallucinations

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8
Q

delusions

A

false beliefs that significantly hinder a person’s ability to function

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9
Q

hallucinations

A

false perceptions that relate to any of the five senses

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10
Q

4 types of psychotic disorders

A
  1. brief psychotic disorder
  2. shared psychotic disorder
  3. psychotic disorder due to another medical condition
  4. substance/ medication-induced psychotic disorder
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11
Q

brief psychotic disorder

A

occurs after an extremely stressful or traumatic event. Signs and symptoms only last for a short period of time (usually < 1 month)

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12
Q

shared psychotic disorder

A

(no longer listed as a separate disorder, but it’s included under ‘other specified schizophrenic spectrum and other psychotic disorders) psychotic signs and symptoms appear to become contagious

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13
Q

psychotic disorder due to another medical condition

A

signs and symptoms are
linked to the physiological effects of some medical conditionsn

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14
Q

substance and medication-induced psychotic disorder

A

happens when the delusions or
hallucinations are the direct result of drug abuse, prescribed medication, or toxic exposure

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15
Q

schizophrenia

A

a persistent, often chronic mental disorder involving disturbances in thought, perception, affect, sense of self, motivation, behaviour, or interpersonal functioning

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16
Q

minimum 6 months of specified symptoms, 1 month active. 2 or more symptoms (DSM-5) for schizophrenia

A
  1. Delusions
  2. Hallucinations
  3. Disorganized speech
  4. Disorganized or catatonic behaviour
  5. Negative symptoms
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17
Q

disorganized speech

A

= flight of ideas

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18
Q

alogia

A

= speechlessness

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19
Q

3 types of disorganized behaviour

A
  1. avolition
  2. anhedonia
  3. activity
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20
Q

avolition

A

unwillingness to respond or act

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21
Q

anhedonia

A

inability to experience pleasure

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22
Q

activity

A

flattened or heightened, paranoid, defensive

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23
Q

catatonia

A

affective flattening = decreased emotions, facial expressions, responsiveness to the environment

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24
Q

2 most common ways to treat psychosis and schizophrenia

A
  1. antipsychotic drugs (also used to treat psychosis) or psychotherapy
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25
Q

dispersal generic name - antipsychotic/ psychosis drugs

A

risperidone

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26
Q

seroquel generic name - antipsychotic/ psychosis drugs

A

quetiapine

27
Q

zyprexa generic name - antipsychotic/ psychosis drugs

A

olanzapine

28
Q

clozaril generic name - antipsychotic/ psychosis drugs

A

clozapine

29
Q

haldol generic name - antipsychotic/ psychosis drugs

A

haloperidol

30
Q

10 problems with antipsychotic medications

A
  1. very expensive
  2. extrapyramidal symptoms
  3. hypotension
  4. seizures
  5. stroke
  6. suicidality
  7. sexual dysfunction
  8. tachycardia
  9. weight gain
  10. liver toxicity
31
Q

anxiety disorder

A

a class of mental health disorders characterized by irrational fear and intense anxiety that leads to significant detriment to an individual’s quality of life

32
Q

anxiety

A

a feeling of apprehension, worry, uneasiness, or dread frequently
accompanied by physical symptoms

33
Q

4 levels of anxiety

A
  1. mild
  2. moderate
  3. severe
  4. panic
34
Q

4 classifications of anxiety disorders

A
  1. panic attack and panic disorder
  2. social phobia (social anxiety disorder)
  3. specific phobias
  4. generalized anxiety disorder
35
Q

panic attack and panic disorders

A

consumed with terror, need to escape

36
Q

social phobia (social anxiety disorder)

A

characterized by a rather extreme, often
irrational fear of being in public places. It tends to occur in very specific situations and is a response to the belief that the individual will be a victim to sudden public embarrassment

37
Q

specific phobias

A

aversions to specific things that become disproportionate to the level
of the threat posed by them

38
Q

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

marked by severe, often nonspecific anxiety that plagues a person throughout most of his/her daily functions. An overwhelming, unrelenting feeling of anxiety

39
Q

what is the treatment for anxiety disorders

A

common treatments for anxiety disorders are anxiolytic drugs and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI’s). Psychotherapy is also common

40
Q

common anxiolytics - brand names

A
  1. ativan
  2. rivotril
  3. valium
  4. restoril
41
Q

what is the Canadian version of klonopin

A

rivotril

42
Q

what is the generic name of ativan

A

lorazepam

43
Q

what is the generic name of rivotril

A

clonazepam

44
Q

what is the generic name of valium

A

diazepam

45
Q

what is the generic name of restoril

A

temazepam

45
Q

common SSRI’s - brand names

A
  1. prozac
  2. luvox
  3. paxil
  4. celexa
46
Q

what is the generic name of prozac

A

fluoxetine

47
Q

what is the generic name of luvox

A

fluvoxamine

48
Q

what is the generic name of paxil

A

paroxetine

48
Q

what is the generic name of celexa

A

citalopram

49
Q

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

manifested by signs of both obsession and compulsion

50
Q

obsessions

A

“persistent ideas, thoughts, impulses, or images that are experienced as intrusive and inappropriate and that cause marked anxiety or distress”

51
Q

4 categories of obsessions

A
  1. checking relate
  2. need for symmetry and order
  3. cleanliness or hypochondrias
  4. hoarding like behaviours
52
Q

compulsions

A

“repetitive behaviours, either observable or mental, that are intended to reduce the anxiety engendered by obsessions”

53
Q

acute stress disorder

A

signs and symptoms consistent with extreme fear and anxiety that have detrimental effects on an individual’s quality of life. Patients may have symptoms for 2 – 28 days after an extremely stressful event. This may include overwhelming emotional stress,
flashbacks, and panic attacks

54
Q

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

similar manifestation to acute stress disorder but symptoms present for more than a month, usually carrying on for years after a traumatic event. Diagnosis also includes social and/or occupational impairment, and it can’t be caused by medication, substance abuse, or other illness

55
Q

4 events PTSD can be caused by

A
  1. direct or indirect exposure to death
  2. threatened death
  3. actual or threatened serious injury
  4. actual or threatened sexual violence
56
Q

4 hallmark symptoms pf PTSD

A
  1. re-experiencing
  2. avoidance
  3. negative cognition and mood
  4. arousal
57
Q

re-experiencing

A

unwanted dreams, flashbacks, or other prolonged psychological distress

58
Q

avoidance

A

avoidance of trauma-related stimuli (thoughts, feelings, reminders)

59
Q

negative cognition and mood

A

persistent and distorted sense of blame of self and others, estrangement from others, markedly diminished interest in activities, inability to remember key aspects of even

60
Q
A

aggressive, reckless, or self-destructive behaviour, sleep disturbances, hypervigilance, hyperarousal, or related problem

61
Q

depersonalization

A

experience of being ‘outside of or detached from oneself

62
Q

derealization

A

experience of unreality, distance, or distortion

therapeutic communication (4 decks)

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