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therapeutic communication > week 6 - mental health > Flashcards

week 6 - mental health Flashcards

1
Q

mental heath etiology

A
  • precise etiology is not completely understood but we do know that mental illness results in some dysfunction in the brain
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2
Q

3 broad categories of factors that interact to influence all health and disease including mental health

A
  1. biological
  2. psychological
  3. social/cultural
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3
Q

define biological in terms of mental health etiology

A

brain injury from trauma, infection, genetic abnormalities, malnutrition, hormonal imbalance, toxins - can all contribute to increased risk of mental illness

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4
Q

define psychological in terms of mental health etiology

A

stressful events

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5
Q

define social/cultural in terms of mental health etiology

A

parents, socioeconomic status, race, culture, religion, interpersonal
relationships

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6
Q

8 schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders that DSM-5 captures

A
  1. Schizotypal (personality) Disorder
  2. Delusional Disorder
  3. Brief Psychotic Disorder
  4. Schizophreniform Disorder
  5. Schizophrenia
  6. Schizoaffective Disorder
  7. Substance / Medication-Induced Psychotic Disorder
  8. Psychotic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
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7
Q

psychosis

A

a condition in which a person experiences a disconnection with reality, usually involving delusions or hallucinations

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8
Q

delusions

A

false beliefs that significantly hinder a person’s ability to function

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9
Q

hallucinations

A

false perceptions that relate to any of the five senses

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10
Q

4 types of psychotic disorders

A
  1. brief psychotic disorder
  2. shared psychotic disorder
  3. psychotic disorder due to another medical condition
  4. substance/ medication-induced psychotic disorder
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11
Q

brief psychotic disorder

A

occurs after an extremely stressful or traumatic event. Signs and symptoms only last for a short period of time (usually < 1 month)

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12
Q

shared psychotic disorder

A

(no longer listed as a separate disorder, but it’s included under ‘other specified schizophrenic spectrum and other psychotic disorders) psychotic signs and symptoms appear to become contagious

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13
Q

psychotic disorder due to another medical condition

A

signs and symptoms are
linked to the physiological effects of some medical conditionsn

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14
Q

substance and medication-induced psychotic disorder

A

happens when the delusions or
hallucinations are the direct result of drug abuse, prescribed medication, or toxic exposure

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15
Q

schizophrenia

A

a persistent, often chronic mental disorder involving disturbances in thought, perception, affect, sense of self, motivation, behaviour, or interpersonal functioning

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16
Q

minimum 6 months of specified symptoms, 1 month active. 2 or more symptoms (DSM-5) for schizophrenia

A
  1. Delusions
  2. Hallucinations
  3. Disorganized speech
  4. Disorganized or catatonic behaviour
  5. Negative symptoms
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17
Q

disorganized speech

A

= flight of ideas

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18
Q

alogia

A

= speechlessness

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19
Q

3 types of disorganized behaviour

A
  1. avolition
  2. anhedonia
  3. activity
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20
Q

avolition

A

unwillingness to respond or act

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21
Q

anhedonia

A

inability to experience pleasure

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22
Q

activity

A

flattened or heightened, paranoid, defensive

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23
Q

catatonia

A

affective flattening = decreased emotions, facial expressions, responsiveness to the environment

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24
Q

2 most common ways to treat psychosis and schizophrenia

A
  1. antipsychotic drugs (also used to treat psychosis) or psychotherapy
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25
dispersal generic name - antipsychotic/ psychosis drugs
risperidone
26
seroquel generic name - antipsychotic/ psychosis drugs
quetiapine
27
zyprexa generic name - antipsychotic/ psychosis drugs
olanzapine
28
clozaril generic name - antipsychotic/ psychosis drugs
clozapine
29
haldol generic name - antipsychotic/ psychosis drugs
haloperidol
30
10 problems with antipsychotic medications
1. very expensive 2. extrapyramidal symptoms 3. hypotension 4. seizures 5. stroke 6. suicidality 7. sexual dysfunction 8. tachycardia 9. weight gain 10. liver toxicity
31
anxiety disorder
a class of mental health disorders characterized by irrational fear and intense anxiety that leads to significant detriment to an individual’s quality of life
32
anxiety
a feeling of apprehension, worry, uneasiness, or dread frequently accompanied by physical symptoms
33
4 levels of anxiety
1. mild 2. moderate 3. severe 4. panic
34
4 classifications of anxiety disorders
1. panic attack and panic disorder 2. social phobia (social anxiety disorder) 3. specific phobias 4. generalized anxiety disorder
35
panic attack and panic disorders
consumed with terror, need to escape
36
social phobia (social anxiety disorder)
characterized by a rather extreme, often irrational fear of being in public places. It tends to occur in very specific situations and is a response to the belief that the individual will be a victim to sudden public embarrassment
37
specific phobias
aversions to specific things that become disproportionate to the level of the threat posed by them
38
generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
marked by severe, often nonspecific anxiety that plagues a person throughout most of his/her daily functions. An overwhelming, unrelenting feeling of anxiety
39
what is the treatment for anxiety disorders
common treatments for anxiety disorders are anxiolytic drugs and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI’s). Psychotherapy is also common
40
common anxiolytics - brand names
1. ativan 2. rivotril 3. valium 4. restoril
41
what is the Canadian version of klonopin
rivotril
42
what is the generic name of ativan
lorazepam
43
what is the generic name of rivotril
clonazepam
44
what is the generic name of valium
diazepam
45
what is the generic name of restoril
temazepam
45
common SSRI's - brand names
1. prozac 2. luvox 3. paxil 4. celexa
46
what is the generic name of prozac
fluoxetine
47
what is the generic name of luvox
fluvoxamine
48
what is the generic name of paxil
paroxetine
48
what is the generic name of celexa
citalopram
49
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
manifested by signs of both obsession and compulsion
50
obsessions
“persistent ideas, thoughts, impulses, or images that are experienced as intrusive and inappropriate and that cause marked anxiety or distress"
51
4 categories of obsessions
1. checking relate 2. need for symmetry and order 3. cleanliness or hypochondrias 4. hoarding like behaviours
52
compulsions
“repetitive behaviours, either observable or mental, that are intended to reduce the anxiety engendered by obsessions"
53
acute stress disorder
signs and symptoms consistent with extreme fear and anxiety that have detrimental effects on an individual’s quality of life. Patients may have symptoms for 2 – 28 days after an extremely stressful event. This may include overwhelming emotional stress, flashbacks, and panic attacks
54
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
similar manifestation to acute stress disorder but symptoms present for more than a month, usually carrying on for years after a traumatic event. Diagnosis also includes social and/or occupational impairment, and it can’t be caused by medication, substance abuse, or other illness
55
4 events PTSD can be caused by
1. direct or indirect exposure to death 2. threatened death 3. actual or threatened serious injury 4. actual or threatened sexual violence
56
4 hallmark symptoms pf PTSD
1. re-experiencing 2. avoidance 3. negative cognition and mood 4. arousal
57
re-experiencing
unwanted dreams, flashbacks, or other prolonged psychological distress
58
avoidance
avoidance of trauma-related stimuli (thoughts, feelings, reminders)
59
negative cognition and mood
persistent and distorted sense of blame of self and others, estrangement from others, markedly diminished interest in activities, inability to remember key aspects of even
60
aggressive, reckless, or self-destructive behaviour, sleep disturbances, hypervigilance, hyperarousal, or related problem
61
depersonalization
experience of being ‘outside of or detached from oneself
62
derealization
experience of unreality, distance, or distortion

therapeutic communication (4 decks)

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