week 6 - mental health Flashcards
mental heath etiology
- precise etiology is not completely understood but we do know that mental illness results in some dysfunction in the brain
3 broad categories of factors that interact to influence all health and disease including mental health
- biological
- psychological
- social/cultural
define biological in terms of mental health etiology
brain injury from trauma, infection, genetic abnormalities, malnutrition, hormonal imbalance, toxins - can all contribute to increased risk of mental illness
define psychological in terms of mental health etiology
stressful events
define social/cultural in terms of mental health etiology
parents, socioeconomic status, race, culture, religion, interpersonal
relationships
8 schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders that DSM-5 captures
- Schizotypal (personality) Disorder
- Delusional Disorder
- Brief Psychotic Disorder
- Schizophreniform Disorder
- Schizophrenia
- Schizoaffective Disorder
- Substance / Medication-Induced Psychotic Disorder
- Psychotic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
psychosis
a condition in which a person experiences a disconnection with reality, usually involving delusions or hallucinations
delusions
false beliefs that significantly hinder a person’s ability to function
hallucinations
false perceptions that relate to any of the five senses
4 types of psychotic disorders
- brief psychotic disorder
- shared psychotic disorder
- psychotic disorder due to another medical condition
- substance/ medication-induced psychotic disorder
brief psychotic disorder
occurs after an extremely stressful or traumatic event. Signs and symptoms only last for a short period of time (usually < 1 month)
shared psychotic disorder
(no longer listed as a separate disorder, but it’s included under ‘other specified schizophrenic spectrum and other psychotic disorders) psychotic signs and symptoms appear to become contagious
psychotic disorder due to another medical condition
signs and symptoms are
linked to the physiological effects of some medical conditionsn
substance and medication-induced psychotic disorder
happens when the delusions or
hallucinations are the direct result of drug abuse, prescribed medication, or toxic exposure
schizophrenia
a persistent, often chronic mental disorder involving disturbances in thought, perception, affect, sense of self, motivation, behaviour, or interpersonal functioning
minimum 6 months of specified symptoms, 1 month active. 2 or more symptoms (DSM-5) for schizophrenia
- Delusions
- Hallucinations
- Disorganized speech
- Disorganized or catatonic behaviour
- Negative symptoms
disorganized speech
= flight of ideas
alogia
= speechlessness
3 types of disorganized behaviour
- avolition
- anhedonia
- activity
avolition
unwillingness to respond or act
anhedonia
inability to experience pleasure
activity
flattened or heightened, paranoid, defensive
catatonia
affective flattening = decreased emotions, facial expressions, responsiveness to the environment
2 most common ways to treat psychosis and schizophrenia
- antipsychotic drugs (also used to treat psychosis) or psychotherapy
dispersal generic name - antipsychotic/ psychosis drugs
risperidone