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therapeutic communication > term test 1 > Flashcards

term test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

technical skills

A

specialized skills required to give care
example; defibrillation, airway management

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2
Q

human relation skills

A

interpersonal skills used in personal and professional life
example; small talk and active listening

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3
Q

Social skills

A

non-specific skills to engage other people
example; holding the door for someone

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4
Q

therapeutic professional communication skills

A

specific and well defined professional skills
example; telling the patient they will feel a squeeze on their arm when BP is being taken and the cuff is expanding

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5
Q

6 influences on life and perception

A
  1. genetics
  2. cultural
  3. economic
  4. spiritual and moral values
  5. mentors
  6. antmentors
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6
Q

steps of the communication cycle

A
  1. sender - Starts the cycle of communication by encoding (creating) message
  2. message - Content of intended thought/emotion
  3. receiver - Recipient of the encoded message
  4. feedback - Response to the encoded message (occurs both ways, verifying process)
  5. channel - Mode of communication
  6. noise - Interference with clear reception
  7. context - Physical and physiological communication environment
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7
Q

self awareness

A

Awareness of oneself as individual, mental image of oneself (realistic or not)

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8
Q

ideal self

A

Who we think we should be

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9
Q

public self

A

How we want others to see us

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10
Q

real self

A

Who we really think we are when we are true to our self and others

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11
Q

the helping interview

A

conversation between healthcare professional and person in need
example; your opening line (defining what we do and who we are)

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12
Q

3 components of the helping interview

A
  1. orientation
  2. identification of problem
  3. resolution of the problem
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13
Q

control factor

A

being the helper is a feeling of control/power; being the patient is a feeling of loss of control/power

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14
Q

2 types of stressors

A

internal and external

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15
Q

internal stressors

A
  • Products of emotions
  • Sometimes referred to as anxieties
  • Can be imaginary, having no relationship to real events
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16
Q

external stressors

A

Events or observations that invoke a sensation of fright or fearfulness

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17
Q

stressors

A

internal perceptions or external events that cause ANS to respond

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18
Q

distress

A

bad stress

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19
Q

eustress

A

good stress

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20
Q

3 stress theories

A
  1. Claude Bernard
  2. Walter B Cannon
  3. Hans Seyle
21
Q

What was Claude Bernards stress theory

A
  • 19th Century biologist
  • Body constantly changes to maintain homeostasis
  • Homeostasis = state of well being
  • Too much causes death
22
Q

what was Walter B Cannons stress theory

A
  • Harvard physiologist built on Bernards work
  • Additionally discovered the body adapts to stressors by releasing substances into the bloodstream (epinephrine, cholesterol, glucose)
23
Q

was what Hans Seyles stress theory

A

Developed generalized Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
1. Reaction stage
2. Adaptation stage
3. Exhaustion stage
4. (hopefully in the end) return to normal stage

24
Q

the reaction stage (stage 1)

A

alarm response
- body protective measures of alerting itself to danger
flight to fight response
- increase of BP, HR, RR, blood flow to muscles heart and brain

25
Q

the adaptation stage (stage 2)

A
  • If prolonged stress continues
  • Body ‘adapts’ to survive
  • Can’t last forever
  • Once ‘adaptive energy’ depleted = disease and or death
26
Q

the exhaustion stage (stage 3)

A
  • Adaptive abilities of body used up
  • Disease and death occur
  • Body uses all the cortisol up
27
Q

return to normal stage (stage 4)

A

if the body successfully endures the stressor
- PNS kicks in
- Body functions return to normal (decreased HR, BP, RR), constricted pupils, blood flow redirected to GI tract
- Return to homeostasis

28
Q

what is the Holmes and rahe stress scale

A
  • Developed by psychologists Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe as a predictor of illness from stress
  • Effects of stress = migraine headaches, hypertension, allergies, low back pain, depression, ulcers
  • Other effects = arthritis, infections, skin eruptions, cancers, autoimmune disorders, heart attack. Angina, dysrhythmias, stroke, colitis,, constipation, diarrhea etc
29
Q

what is anxiety

A

a feeling of apprehension, worry, uneasiness, frequently accompanied by physical symptoms

30
Q

true or false

A

anxiety is different from fear (true)

31
Q

what are the 4 levels of anxiety

A
  1. mild
  2. moderate
  3. severe
  4. panic
32
Q

define crisis

A
  • sudden , unexpected and often life threatening and overall time limited event
  • It temporarily overwhelms capacity to respond adaptively
  • Personal response to a stressful event
  • Not a mental illness
33
Q

Characteristics of Crisis State

A
  1. Atypical behavior from normal patterns of coping
  2. Extreme fatigue, helplessness, inadequacy, and anxiety
  3. Changes in eating habits, sleep disturbances, “tunnel vision”, inability to consider alternative options
  4. Feeling “suspended in time”
34
Q

what are the 5 factors that tip the scale

A
  • Problem too huge
  • New
  • Personal significance
  • Usual support network fails
  • Occurs during period of vulnerability
35
Q

crisis intervention

A

is a temporary, active and supportive entry into the life of an individual, family or organization during a period of acute distress (FOCUSED on the NOW)

36
Q

7 principles of crisis intervention

A
  1. Simplicity : keep it to the point since people in crisis cant follow complex instructions or complete complex tasks
  2. Brevity : keep it short and sweet
  3. Innovation : be willing to try new ideas to help, there is no way to provide the perfect help to someone
  4. Practicality : keep things practical, if you suggest impractical things it will only confuse and frustrate them and shake your own credibility
  5. Proximity : operate within a safe zone that is close to the persons home, workplace or someone they feel most family and comfortable (safe)
  6. Immediacy : services must be provided immediately for them to be best effective
  7. Expectancy : encourage the person in crisis that help is available and that the situation is manageable but refrain from giving them a false sense of hope
37
Q

stages of crisis interventions

A
  1. Assess the crisis
  2. Establish report
  3. Explore the crisis problem
  4. Explore the feelings and emotions
  5. Generate and explore alternatives
  6. Develop and implement a crisis action plan
  7. Follow up
38
Q

crew resource management

A
  1. Effective communication (Clarity, Call people by name, Close the loop)
  2. Leadership
  3. Situational awareness
  4. Resource utilization
  5. Problem solving
39
Q

what are the 10 defence mechanisms

A
  1. Undoing
  2. Denial
  3. Displacement
  4. Projection
  5. Compensation
  6. Rationalization
  7. Regression
  8. Repression - unconscious
  9. Suppression - conscious
  10. Sublimation
40
Q

4 types of crisis orientated staff support

A
  1. Comprehensive - before, during, after traumatic events
  2. Integrated - All elements interrelated and blended.
  3. Systematic - order of support individual → small group → more individual → CISD → family → follow up services → closure of interventions or referrals
  4. Multi Tactic - different types of services available; different people = different needs.
41
Q

typical training for cism (critical incident stress management)

A
  1. Assisting individuals in crisis
  2. Working with large and small groups
  3. Suicide prevention, intervention and recovery
  4. Advanced crisis intervention tactics
  5. Strategic planning
42
Q

what are the 4 ways to mitigate stress

A

The big four (MHCC)
1. Goal setting
2. Visualization
3. Self talk
4. Tactical breathing

43
Q

defence mechanisms

A

behaviour that is used to protect the ego from guilt, anxiety or loss of self esteem

44
Q

compensation

A

consciously or unconsciously overemphasizing a characteristic to compensate for a real or imagined deficiency
example; the young boy whose physical stature may keep him from being a football star may compensate by achieving a academic award

45
Q

denial

A

is the unconscious refusal to acknowledge painful realities, feelings or experiences. denial offers a temporary escape from an unpleasant event
example; when a laboratory report comes back positive and the client is told they may express denial by saying “there must be a mistake”

46
Q

displacement

A

is shifting the emotional element of a situation from a threatening object to a nonthreatening one
example;

47
Q
A
48
Q
A

therapeutic communication (4 decks)

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