week 6: lab 29-31 (protozoa, worms and vectors) Flashcards
Protozoa are:
-Unicellular eukaryotes
-inhabit water and soil
-Animal-like nutrition
-Complex life cycles
what are the characteristics of protozoa?
-Require a large supply of water
-Many have an outer protective pellicle, requiring
specialized structures to take in food
-Ciliates wave cilia toward mouthlike cytosome
- Amebae phagocytize food
-Food is digested in vacuoles and wastes
eliminated through an anal pore
which are the medically important protozoa?
-Feeding grooves (Excavata)
*Diplomonads
*Parabasalids
*Euglenozoa
-Amebae
-Ciliates
how do many parasitic protozoa spend part of their life as?
-cyst (resistant survival stage)
-trophozoite (stage involved in eating and reproduction)
what is the cyst stage (in protozoa) and what is it involved in?
(resistant survival stage)
involved in diseases transmission
-resistant to chlorine
in which of the 4 categories of protozoa do Giardia, Trypanosoma, and Trichomonas fall in?
flagellated
what is Giardiasis and what causes it?
how do you diagnose it?
-intestinal infection
-transmitted when people/dogs drink cyst of Giardia in contaminated water
-causes diarrhea
-diagnosed by examination of feces
what is Trypanosoma and what causes it?
how do you diagnose it?
-sleeping sickness
-transmitted by the the bite of tsetse fly
-blood smear is used for diagnoses
what is Trypanosoma and what causes it?
how do you diagnose it?
- STI caused by a parasite
-diagnosed by looking microscopically for the organism in the discharge that it causes
what are the 4 categories of protozoa?
-flagellates
-amoebas
-ciliates
-nonmotile protozoa
in which of the 4 categories of protozoa do Acanthamoeba and Entamoeba fall in?
Amoebas
what does Acanthamoeba cause?
eye infections
what does Entamoeba cause?
intestinal infections
in which of the 4 categories of protozoa do Balantidium fall in?
Ciliates
what is Balantidiasis?
-intestinal infection
in which of the 4 categories of protozoa do Toxoplasma and Plasmodium fall in?
nonmotile protozoa
what is Malaria caused by? how to you diagnose it?
Plasmodium
-diagnosed by a blood smear
what are helminths?
parasitic worms
what are two major categories of parasitic helminths?
-Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
-Nematoda (roundworms)
what are the characteristics of helminths?
-Multicellular eukaryotic animals
-Specialized to live in hosts
-May lack digestive system
-Reduced nervous system
-Reduced or lacking locomotion
-Complex reproductive system
what are the characteristics of Platyhelminthes: Cestodes (tapeworms)?
Cestodes (tapeworms)
-Scolex—head that has suckers for attachment
-Absorb food through cuticle
-Proglottids—body segments; contain male and female reproductive organs
what are the characteristics of Nematodes?
Larvae infective for humans
-Strongyloides—reemerging infection
-Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale-hookworms; enter the skin and are carried to the intestines
-Dirofilaria immitis—spread by
mosquitoes; causes heartworm
what are vectors?
-Animals that cause disease by carrying a pathogen
(They, themselves are not disease causing)
what disease do ticks cause?
Lyme Disease
what disease do Mosquitos cause?
Malaria
what disease do Rats and Prairie dogs cause?
Black plague
what are Arthropods?
Arthropods are animals with segmented bodies, hard external skeletons, and jointed legs
what are Arthropods as vectors?
Vectors are arthropods that carry pathogenic microorganisms
what are the representative classes of arthropods as vectors?
-Arachnida—eight legs
-Crustacea—four antennae
-Insecta—six legs
