week 6: lab 29-31 (protozoa, worms and vectors)

Question 1

Protozoa are:

Answer 1

-Unicellular eukaryotes
-inhabit water and soil
-Animal-like nutrition
-Complex life cycles

Question 2

what are the characteristics of protozoa?

Answer 2

-Require a large supply of water
-Many have an outer protective pellicle, requiring
specialized structures to take in food
-Ciliates wave cilia toward mouthlike cytosome
- Amebae phagocytize food
-Food is digested in vacuoles and wastes
eliminated through an anal pore

Question 3

which are the medically important protozoa?

Answer 3

-Feeding grooves (Excavata)
*Diplomonads
*Parabasalids
*Euglenozoa
-Amebae
-Ciliates

Question 4

how do many parasitic protozoa spend part of their life as?

Answer 4

-cyst (resistant survival stage)
-trophozoite (stage involved in eating and reproduction)

Question 5

what is the cyst stage (in protozoa) and what is it involved in?

Answer 5

(resistant survival stage)
involved in diseases transmission
-resistant to chlorine

Question 6

in which of the 4 categories of protozoa do Giardia, Trypanosoma, and Trichomonas fall in?

Answer 6

flagellated

Question 7

what is Giardiasis and what causes it?
how do you diagnose it?

Answer 7

-intestinal infection
-transmitted when people/dogs drink cyst of Giardia in contaminated water
-causes diarrhea
-diagnosed by examination of feces

Question 8

what is Trypanosoma and what causes it?
how do you diagnose it?

Answer 8

-sleeping sickness
-transmitted by the the bite of tsetse fly
-blood smear is used for diagnoses

Question 9

what is Trypanosoma and what causes it?
how do you diagnose it?

Answer 9

• STI caused by a parasite
  -diagnosed by looking microscopically for the organism in the discharge that it causes

Question 10

what are the 4 categories of protozoa?

Answer 10

-flagellates
-amoebas
-ciliates
-nonmotile protozoa

Question 11

in which of the 4 categories of protozoa do Acanthamoeba and Entamoeba fall in?

Answer 11

Amoebas

Question 12

what does Acanthamoeba cause?

Answer 12

eye infections

Question 13

what does Entamoeba cause?

Answer 13

intestinal infections

Question 14

in which of the 4 categories of protozoa do Balantidium fall in?

Answer 14

Ciliates

Question 15

what is Balantidiasis?

Answer 15

-intestinal infection

Question 16

in which of the 4 categories of protozoa do Toxoplasma and Plasmodium fall in?

Answer 16

nonmotile protozoa

Question 17

what is Malaria caused by? how to you diagnose it?

Answer 17

Plasmodium
-diagnosed by a blood smear

Question 18

what are helminths?

Answer 18

parasitic worms

Question 19

what are two major categories of parasitic helminths?

Answer 19

-Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
-Nematoda (roundworms)

Question 20

what are the characteristics of helminths?

Answer 20

-Multicellular eukaryotic animals
-Specialized to live in hosts
-May lack digestive system
-Reduced nervous system
-Reduced or lacking locomotion
-Complex reproductive system

Question 21

what are the characteristics of Platyhelminthes: Cestodes (tapeworms)?

Answer 21

Cestodes (tapeworms)
-Scolex—head that has suckers for attachment
-Absorb food through cuticle
-Proglottids—body segments; contain male and female reproductive organs

Question 22

what are the characteristics of Nematodes?

Answer 22

Larvae infective for humans
-Strongyloides—reemerging infection
-Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale-hookworms; enter the skin and are carried to the intestines
-Dirofilaria immitis—spread by
mosquitoes; causes heartworm

Question 23

what are vectors?

Answer 23

-Animals that cause disease by carrying a pathogen
(They, themselves are not disease causing)

Question 24

what disease do ticks cause?

Answer 24

Lyme Disease

Question 25

what disease do Mosquitos cause?

Answer 25

Malaria

Question 26

what disease do Rats and Prairie dogs cause?

Answer 26

Black plague

Question 27

what are Arthropods?

Answer 27

Arthropods are animals with segmented bodies, hard external skeletons, and jointed legs

Question 28

what are Arthropods as vectors?

Answer 28

Vectors are arthropods that carry pathogenic microorganisms

Question 29

what are the representative classes of arthropods as vectors?

Answer 29

-Arachnida—eight legs
-Crustacea—four antennae
-Insecta—six legs