week 6: lab 29-31 (protozoa, worms and vectors) Flashcards
Protozoa are:
-Unicellular eukaryotes
-inhabit water and soil
-Animal-like nutrition
-Complex life cycles
what are the characteristics of protozoa?
-Require a large supply of water
-Many have an outer protective pellicle, requiring
specialized structures to take in food
-Ciliates wave cilia toward mouthlike cytosome
- Amebae phagocytize food
-Food is digested in vacuoles and wastes
eliminated through an anal pore
which are the medically important protozoa?
-Feeding grooves (Excavata)
*Diplomonads
*Parabasalids
*Euglenozoa
-Amebae
-Ciliates
how do many parasitic protozoa spend part of their life as?
-cyst (resistant survival stage)
-trophozoite (stage involved in eating and reproduction)
what is the cyst stage (in protozoa) and what is it involved in?
(resistant survival stage)
involved in diseases transmission
-resistant to chlorine
in which of the 4 categories of protozoa do Giardia, Trypanosoma, and Trichomonas fall in?
flagellated
what is Giardiasis and what causes it?
how do you diagnose it?
-intestinal infection
-transmitted when people/dogs drink cyst of Giardia in contaminated water
-causes diarrhea
-diagnosed by examination of feces
what is Trypanosoma and what causes it?
how do you diagnose it?
-sleeping sickness
-transmitted by the the bite of tsetse fly
-blood smear is used for diagnoses
what is Trypanosoma and what causes it?
how do you diagnose it?
- STI caused by a parasite
-diagnosed by looking microscopically for the organism in the discharge that it causes
what are the 4 categories of protozoa?
-flagellates
-amoebas
-ciliates
-nonmotile protozoa
in which of the 4 categories of protozoa do Acanthamoeba and Entamoeba fall in?
Amoebas
what does Acanthamoeba cause?
eye infections
what does Entamoeba cause?
intestinal infections
in which of the 4 categories of protozoa do Balantidium fall in?
Ciliates
what is Balantidiasis?
-intestinal infection
in which of the 4 categories of protozoa do Toxoplasma and Plasmodium fall in?
nonmotile protozoa
what is Malaria caused by? how to you diagnose it?
Plasmodium
-diagnosed by a blood smear
what are helminths?
parasitic worms
what are two major categories of parasitic helminths?
-Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
-Nematoda (roundworms)
what are the characteristics of helminths?
-Multicellular eukaryotic animals
-Specialized to live in hosts
-May lack digestive system
-Reduced nervous system
-Reduced or lacking locomotion
-Complex reproductive system
what are the characteristics of Platyhelminthes: Cestodes (tapeworms)?
Cestodes (tapeworms)
-Scolex—head that has suckers for attachment
-Absorb food through cuticle
-Proglottids—body segments; contain male and female reproductive organs
what are the characteristics of Nematodes?
Larvae infective for humans
-Strongyloides—reemerging infection
-Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale-hookworms; enter the skin and are carried to the intestines
-Dirofilaria immitis—spread by
mosquitoes; causes heartworm
what are vectors?
-Animals that cause disease by carrying a pathogen
(They, themselves are not disease causing)
what disease do ticks cause?
Lyme Disease
