Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Reproductive System > Week 6 - Infections of the Genital Tract > Flashcards

Week 6 - Infections of the Genital Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most likely infective organism in a 19 year old female with no symptoms, mucopurulent discharge and cervical motion tenderness noted on speculum examination?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis - infections usually asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which infective organism causes a painless chancre in the early stages of infection?

A

Treponema pallidum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the nature of the discharge produced by Trichomonas vaginalis infection.

A
  • Foul-smelling

- Yellow-green vaginal discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the most likely infective organism in a patient presenting with vaginitis and a thin, grey vaginal discharge with a fishy, amine odour?

A

Gardnarella vaginalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the nature of discharge produced by Candida albicans infection?

A
  1. Thick
  2. White
  3. Cottage-cheese like
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the most likely infective organism for a male who is sexually active with symptoms of urethritis and whose urine sample showed the presence of gram-negative diplococci?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which 2 organisms are the most common sexually transmitted organisms?

A
  1. Neisseria gonorrhoeae

2. Chlamydia trachomatis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the structural features of Chlamydia trachomatis.

A
  1. Small
  2. Round/ovoid bacterium
  3. Rigid cell wall that resembles a gram negative envelope
  4. The morphology of the organism changes dependent on the stage in the life cycle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the normal vaginal pH range?

A

3.5-4.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the dominant organism in normal vaginal flora?

A

Lactobacillus sp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which microorganism is the pathogen that can cause bacterial vaginosis?

A

Gardnarella vaginalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which microorganism is the pathogen that can cause conjunctivitis in newborns?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

State the causes of genital ulcers.

A
  1. Herpes simplex virus - HSV
  2. Syphilis
  3. Chanchroid - Haemophilus ducreyi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can vesicles of Bullae be caused by?

A

HSV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

State the causes of genital papules.

A
  1. Transient manifestations of STIs
  2. Condylomata acuminata - anogenital warts
  3. Umbilicated lesions of Molluscum contagiosum virus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

State the important features of genital ulcers.

A
  1. Number
  2. Size
  3. Tenderness
  4. Base
  5. Edge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

State the causative agents for non-gonococcal urethritis.

A
  1. Chlamydia trachomatis
  2. Mycoplasma
  3. Ureaplasma
  4. Trichomonas HSV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

State the types of urethritis.

A
  1. Gonococcal urethritis
  2. Non-gonococcal urethritis
  3. Post-gonococcal urethritis
19
Q

State the causes of vulvo-vaginitis.

A
  1. Candidiasis
  2. Trichomoniasis
  3. Staphylococcal
  4. Foreign body
  5. HSV
20
Q

State the causes of cervicitis.

A
  1. C. trachomatis
  2. N. gonorrhoeae
  3. HSV
  4. HPV
21
Q

State the causes of bartholinitis.

A
  1. Polymicrobial infections with endogenous flora

2. Rarely STIs

22
Q

What features does a laboratory diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis consist of?

A
  1. Pungent odour with the KOH whiff test
  2. Vaginal pH of greater than 4.5
  3. Presence of clue cells on a wet mount lacking many PNMs
23
Q

How is bacterial vaginosis thought to occur?

A

From a synergistic infection involving the overgrowth of normal bacterial flora including Gardnerella vaginalis

24
Q

State the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis.

A
  1. Vaginal discharge
  2. Odour
  3. Itch
  4. Dyspareunia
  5. Soreness
25
State the differential diagnoses you would consider for a 19 year old male presenting with pain on passing urine, a creamy urethral discharge, slight reddening of the surrounding glans penis, no fever and no previous history of genital urinary problems.
1. Chlamydial urethritis 2. Gonococcal urethritis 3. Non-specific urethritis
26
What antibiotics would you consider for treatment of gonorrhoea?
- Ciprofloxacin not currently recommended because of widespread resistance worldwide - Ceftriaxone 500 mg Im + Azithromycin 1 g PO given - Also consider treatment for chlamydia in the regime
27
Why do you think mixed infections with Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea are common?
1. Common at-risk behaviours and associated factors 2. Long-term asymptomatic infection 3. Identical mode of transmission 4. High prevalence rates of Chlamydia trachomatis infection
28
Outline treatment for Human papillomaviruses.
1. None - spontaneous resolution: 1 year - 70%, 2 years - 90% 2. Topical podophyllin, cryotherapy, intralesional interferon, imiquimod, surgery
29
Outline the methods of screening for HPV.
1. Cervical pap smear cytology 2. Colposcopy + acetowhite test 3. Cervical swab - HPV hybrid capture - 40% of 20-24 year olds positive
30
Outline the techniques used for diagnosis of HPV.
1. Clinical 2. Biopsy + genome analysis 3. Hybrid capture
31
Outline the 2 types of vaccine used for HPV.
1. Cervarix - for HPV 16 and 18 - initially used in UK | 2. Gardasil - for HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 - used from 2011
32
Who is the HPV vaccine offered to?
Girls aged 12-13 year old (2 doses)
33
What infections can Chlamydia trachomatis cause in neonates?
1. Inclusion conjunctivitis | 2. Pneumonia
34
State the techniques used for diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis.
1. Endocervical and cervical swabs - NAAT (IF, EIA, culture) 2. First void urine - NAAT 3. Neonatal infection - conjunctival swab (NAAT)
35
Outline the treatment for Chlamydia trachomatis infections.
1. Doxycycline/azithromycin | 2. Erythromycin in children
36
Who does the chlamydia screening programme target?
Sexually active under 25s
37
State the symptoms of primary genital herpes.
1. Extensive painful genital ulceration 2. Dysuria 3. Inguinal lymphadenopathy 4. Fever
38
State how you can diagnose herpes simples virus.
PCR of vesicle fluid and/or ulcer base
39
Which type of herpes simplex virus is associated with genital herpes?
HSV2
40
What is herpes simplex virus 1 usually associated with?
Cold sores
41
What is the treatment for herpes simplex virus?
Aciclovir - primary and severe disease
42
What types of infection can Neisseria gonorrhoeae cause in females?
1. Asymptomatic 2. Endocervicitis 3. Urethritis 4. PID which may lead to infertility
43
What effects can disseminated gonococcal infections have?
1. Bacteraemia | 2. Skin and joint lesions
44
Outline the techniques used to screen for human papillomavirus infection.
1. Cervical pap smear cytology 2. Colposcopy + acetowhite test 3. Cervical swab - HPV hybrid capture (40% of 20-24 year olds positive)

Reproductive System (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions