Week 6 - immunocompromised host Flashcards
Neutropaenia definition
neutrophil concentration of <0.5 x 10^9/L
or <1.0 x 10^9/L & falling
List 2 causes of neutropaenia
cytotoxic chemotherapy
therapeutic irradiation
Name 4 gram negative bacilli that cause infection in neutropaenia
E. coli
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Enterobacter spp
Name 2 anaerobe species that cause infection in neutropaenia
clostridia
bacteroides
Name 4 gram positive cocci that cause infection in neutropaenia
staphylococcus aureus
coagulase negative staphylococci
viridans streptococci
enterococci
Name 2 types of fungus that cause infection in neutropaenia
aspergillus
candida
Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Inherited neutrophil disorder
X linked most common but can also be autosomal recessive
Defect in gene coding for NADPH oxidase. causes:
1) deficient production of oxygen radicals
2) defective intracellular killing
Results in recurrent bacterial & fungal infections
Inflammatory responses with widespread granuloma formation.
which pulmonary infections are common in patients with CGD?
1) staphylococcus aureus
2) aspergillus
3) nocardia
Name 3 conditions that causes suppression of cellular immunity
DiGeorge Syndrome
Malignant lymphoma
HIV
What kind of infections does suppression of cellular immunity predispose to?
Viruses
mycobacteria
fungi
protozoa
Name a condition in which humoral immunity is suppressed
Bruton aggamaglobulinaemia
X-linked disorder
white blood cell formation process does not generate mature B cells
manifests as a complete or near-complete lack of antibodies
What infections does hyposplenism predispose to?
Encapsulated organisms
Strep pneumonia
Haemophilus influenze type b
Neisseria meningitidis
Fever definition
Pyrexia temperature > 38C
OR Hypothermia < 36C
SIRS
systemic inflammatory response syndrome
tachy, tachy, tempy, whitey
2 or more of:
1) body temp <36 or >38
2) HR >90bpm
3) respiratory rate >20
4) white cell count <4x10^9 or >12x10^9
