Week 6: GI and Urogenital Diseases Flashcards
Which species is not associated with NGU?
a. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
b. Mycoplasma hominis
c. Chlamydia trachomatis
d. Mycoplasma genitalium
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
A strain of bacteria associated with a bladder infection shows gram-negative rods. What species is most likely to be the causative agent?
a. Mycoplasma hominis
b. Escherichia coli
c. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
d. Chlamydia trachomatis
Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Treponemal and non-treponemal serological testing can be used to test for
a. vaginosis.
b. chlamydia.
c. syphilis.
d. gonorrhea.
Syphillis
Lymphogranuloma venereum is caused by serovars of
a. Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
b. Chlamydia trachomatis.
c. Treponema pallidum.
d. Haemophilis ducreyi.
Chlamydia trachomatis
The latent stage of syphilis, which may last for years, can occur between
a. the secondary and tertiary stages.
b. the primary and secondary stages.
c. initial infection and the primary stage.
d. any of the three stages.
Secondary and Tertiary stages
Based on its spirochete shape, which microbe is this?
a. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
b. Chlamydia trachomatis
c. Treponema pallidum
d. Haemophilis ducreyi
Treponema pallidum
Genital herpes is most commonly caused by
a. herpes simplex virus 1.
b. varicella-zoster virus.
c. herpes simplex virus 2.
d. cytomegalovirus.
Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV-2)
Koilocytes are characteristic of
a. cells infected with human papillomavirus
b. cells infected with herpes simplex virus 2
c. cells infected with all forms of herpesviruses
d. cervical cancer cells
Cells infected with human papillomavirus
Which oral medication is recommended as an initial topical treatment for genital yeast infections?
a. penicillin
b. acyclovir
c. fluconazole
d. miconazole
Miconazole
What is the only common infection of the reproductive tract caused by a protozoan?
a. gonorrhea
b. chlamydia
c. trichomoniasis
d. candidiasis
Trichomoniasis
Which test is preferred for detecting T. vaginalis because of its high sensitivity?
a. NAAT
b. wet mounts
c. Pap tests
d. all of the above are equally good
NAAT
The genus of bacteria found in the vagina that is important in maintaining a healthy environment, including an acidic pH, is _____.
Lactobacillus
Pyelonephritis is a potentially severe infection of the _____.
Kidneys
Soft chancres on the genitals are characteristic of the sexually transmitted disease known as _____.
Chancroid
Condylomata are _____.
Warts
The most common Candida species associated with yeast infections is _____.
Candida albicans
Trichomoniasis is caused by _____.
Vaginosis
Which type of E. coli infection can be severe with life-threatening consequences such as hemolytic uremic syndrome?
a. ETEC
b. EPEC
c. EHEC
d. EIEC
EHEC
(oh heck no)
Which species of Shigella has a type that produces Shiga toxin?
a. S. boydii
b. S. flexneri
c. S. dysenteriae
d. S. sonnei
S. dysenteriae
Which type of bacterium produces an A-B toxin?
a. Salmonella
b. Vibrio cholera
c. ETEC
d. Shigella dysenteriae
Vibrio cholera
Which form of hepatitisvirus can only infect an individual who is already infected with another hepatitisvirus?
a. HDV
b. HAV
c. HBV
d. HEV
Hep-D
Which cause of viral gastroenteritis commonly causes projectile vomiting?
a. hepatitisvirus
b. Astroviruses
c. Rotavirus
d. Noroviruses
Noroviruses
Which protozoan is associated with the ability to cause severe dysentery?
a. Giardia lamblia
b. Cryptosporidium hominis
c. Cyclospora cayetanesis
d. Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba histolytica
Which protozoan has a unique appearance, with a blue halo, when viewed using ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy?
a. Giardia lamblia
b. Cryptosporidium hominis
c. Cyclospora cayetanesis
d. Entamoeba histolytica
Cyclospora cayetanesis
What is another name for Trichuris trichiura?
a. pinworm
b. whipworm
c. hookworm
d. ascariasis
Whipworm
Which type of helminth infection can be diagnosed using tape?
a. pinworm
b. whipworm
c. hookworm
d. tapeworm
Pinworm
Antibiotic associated pseudomembranous colitis is caused by _________.
Clostridium difficile (C. diff)
Jaundice results from a buildup of _________.
Bilirubin
Chronic _________ infections cause the unique sign of disease of greasy stool and are often resistant to treatment.
Giardia
Liver flukes are often found in the _________ duct.
Bile
What are the two most common causative agents of pelvic inflammatory disease?
a. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis
b. Lactobacillus spp. and Escherichia coli
c. Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris
d. Group B Streptococcus and Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis
If a urinary dipstick shows the presence of nitrite, which bacteria would most likely be present because of their ability to convert nitrate to nitrite?
a. Staphylococcus aureus
b. Escherichia coli
c. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
d. Trichomonas vaginalis
Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Which symptom is not commonly associated with chronic gonorrhea in those with female anatomy?
a. amenorrhea (lack of menstruation)
b. increased menstrual flow
c. pelvic pain
d. vaginal discharge
Amenorrhea, lack of menstruation
Trichomonas vaginalis is found as which of the following?
a. a cyst only
b. a trophozoite only
c. an intracellular parasite only
d. a trophozoite or as a cyst
A trophozoite only
NAAT testing is preferred over evaluation of wet mounts for the diagnosis of trichomoniasis because NAAT is which of the following?
a. less expensive than using wet mounts
b. less likely to cause adverse effects to the patient than are wet mounts
c. more convenient than using wet mounts
d. more sensitive than using wet mounts
More sensitive than using wet mounts
There is no conclusive way to determine whether an individual has candidiasis because Candida is found in the normal microbiota.
a. True
b. False
False
____ inflammation of the kidney
Pyelonephritis
____ testing from a sample obtained during a Pap smear with LBC
a. bacterial vaginosis
b. herpes
c. human papillomavirus
d. trichomoniasis
HPV (Human Papillomavirus)
Shigellosis is also known as:
a. typhoid fever
b. bacillary dysentery
c. salmonellosis
d. amoebic dysentery
Bacillary dysentery
Which group contains the most dangerous E. coli strains for causing gastrointestinal illness?
a. EPEC
b. EIEC
c. EHEC
d. ETEC
EHEC
Which is true about treatment for ETEC?
a. Antibiotics are not recommended, although supportive therapy may be helpful.
b. Antibiotic treatment should be avoided because it increases the risk of HUS, although supportive therapy may be helpful.
c. Fluoroquinolones, ceftriaxone, and azithromycin are recommended in most cases.
d. It is usually self-limiting, although medications such as fluoroquinolones, doxycycline, TMP/SMZ, and rifamixin can be used.
It is usually self-limiting, although antibiotics can be used.
_____ inflammation of the colon
Colitis
_____ inflammation of both the stomach and the intestinal mucosa
Gastroenteritis
_____ inflammation of the intestinal mucosa
Enteritis
_____ inflammation of the stomach
Gastritis
_____ inflammation of the liver
Hepatitis
____ inflammation of the fallopian tubes
Salpingitis
____ inflammation of the testicle
Orchiditis
____ inflammation of the bladder
Cystitis
____ inflammation of the urethra
Urethritis
____ wet mounts, NAATs, Affirm VPII Microbial Identification Test, and OSOM Rapid Test
a. bacterial vaginosis
b. herpes
c. human papillomavirus
d. trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis
____ vaginal smear with DNA probe, sialidase assay, and Gram staining; use of Amsel’s diagnostic criteria
a. bacterial vaginosis
b. herpes
c. human papillomavirus
d. trichomoniasis
Bacterial vaginosis
____ culture from lesions, immunostaining of cultures, PCR, or ELISA; PCR is especially valuable for systemic infections
a. bacterial vaginosis
b. herpes
c. human papillomavirus
d. trichomoniasis
Herpes
Which of the following STIs is caused by a protozoan?
a. trichomoniasis
b. herpes
c. chlamydia
d. genital warts
Trichomoniasis
HPV is extremely common and can be associated with genital warts, vaginal cancer, vulvar cancer, penile cancer, and anal cancer. How can it be so common with many infected people not realizing they have been infected?
a. Infections generally produce variable symptoms and are difficult to diagnose, even when suspected.
b. Infections are often asymptomatic although they generally persist throughout life.
c. Infections are often asymptomatic and clear without treatment.
d. Infections generally cause mild symptoms although they generally persist throughout life.
Infections are often asymptomatic and clear without treatment
All HPV strains are associated with both genital warts and cervical cancer.
a. True
b. False
False
Candida albicans is a _____ infection
a. viral
b. fungal
c. protozoal
d. bacterial
Fungal
Candida albicans is considered an opportunistic pathogen because
a. it is part of the normal microbiome
b. it only causes disease in severely immunocompromised patients
c. it always causes disease in healthy individuals
d. it only causes disease through fecal oral transmission
It is part of the normal microbiome
Which of the following is NOT true about Clostridium difficile?
a. It is not capable of forming endospores.
b. It is common in normal human gastrointestinal microbiota.
c. It can cause the development of pseudomembranous colitis.
d. It is a serious cause of nosocomial infections and can develop in association with antibiotic use.
FALSE: It is not capable of forming endospores.
Which of the following is a common symptom of all the hepatitis viruses?
a. development of hepatocellular carcinoma
b. the appearance of jaundice
c. nausea and vomiting
d. dark and bloody stool
The appearance of jaundice
Herpes can be passed from mother to fetus, causing neonatal herpes.
a. True
b. False
True
Chlamydia trachomatis is a _____ infection
a. viral
b. fungal
c. protozoal
d. bacterial
Bacterial
HSV-2 is a _____ infection
a. viral
b. fungal
c. protozoal
d. bacterial
Viral
Trichomonas vaginalis is _____
a. viral
b. fungal
c. protozoal
d. bacterial
Protozoal
