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Sexology - Wiebe > Week 6 - Gender Dysphoria & Paraphilias > Flashcards

Week 6 - Gender Dysphoria & Paraphilias Flashcards

1
Q

Biological Sex

A

Chromosomes & physical anatomy

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2
Q

Gender

A

Social construct, referring to norms, behaviors and roles associated with being male/female/other in a society or culture

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3
Q

Gender role

A

A (subjective) set of behaviors, interests, personality traits that a society/culture relates to a certain gende

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4
Q

Gender identity

A

The subjective feeling to belong to a gende

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5
Q

Gender expression

A

How one expresses their gender identity

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6
Q

AFAB/AMAB

A

Assigned female / male at birth

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7
Q

Gender incongruence

A

Gender identity does not align with assigned sex

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8
Q

The gender unicorn

A
  1. Gender identity
  2. Gender expression
  3. Physically attracted to
  4. Emotionally attracted to
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9
Q

Challenges in daily life

A
  1. Figuring yourself out in a cis-normative world
  2. Coming out and coming in
  3. Figuring out your gender expressions / possible social or medical transition
  4. Minority stress and internalized transphobia
  5. Gender incongruence and gender dysphoria
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10
Q

Medical treatment gender dysphoria

A

Medical interventions can sometimes reduce gender dysphoria and improve quality of life becauseof that.

Options include:
* Variations in cross-sex hormones
* Various surgical options
* Various less invasive referrals (hair removal, speech therapy)
* Fertility preservation

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11
Q

Development in recent years

A

Greater diversity
* in gender identity, gender expression and dysphoria
* in treatment wishes (no longer binary / whole package)
* in gender development and psychological comorbidity

Evolutions / changes in patient treatment wishes along the way

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12
Q

Cross-sex hormones

A

Feminization
* Adding a form of estrogen (e.g. breast development, fat distribution)
* Blocking testosteron (e.g. easier hair removal, decrease muscle mass, decrease sexual function / desire)

Masculinization
* Adding a form of testosteron (e.g. easier muscle gain, increased body and facial hair, clitoral (=penis) growth, lowering of voice, increase sexual desire)

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13
Q

Surgery options AMAB

A
  1. Adam’s apple reduction
  2. Breast augmentation
  3. Facial Feminization Surgery
  4. Voice surgery

Genital surgery
* Vaginoplasty (vulva + vaginal cavity)
* Vulvaplasty (only vulva, no cavity)
* Orchidectomy (only removal testicles)

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14
Q

Surgery options AFAB (transmen, transmasculine, nonbinary, etc)

A
  • Breast removal
  • Removal of uterus, ovaries, or vaginal cavity

Genital surgery
* Metaidoioplasty (reconstructing existing area into a small penis)
* Phalloplasty (using skin from elsewhere to construct a ne-phallo)

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15
Q

Role of the mental health profesional

A
  1. Diagnosing
  2. Counselling
  3. Communication assistance
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16
Q

Diagnostic themes

A
  1. Genderidentity
  2. Social functioning
  3. Cognitive functioning
  4. Psychosexual functioning
  5. Mental functioning
  6. Physical functioning
  7. Informational knowledge
17
Q

Paraphilia

A
  1. An atypical experience of recurring/intensesexual arousalto objects, situations, fantasies, behaviors, or individual
  2. Asexual interest in anything other than a consenting human partn
18
Q

The 4 d’s of abnormal behavior

A
  1. The behavior is highly deviant
  2. The behavior is dysfunctional
  3. The behavior causes emotional distress
  4. The behavior is dangerous
19
Q

What may be a cause of paraphilias

A

It is not very well understood. It is probably something with the interplay between hormonal development and sexual development and socialisation

20
Q

Measures you can take for paraphilia

A
  1. Deconditioning
  2. Masturbatory reconditioning
  3. Drugs that decrease sexual arousal [e.g., cyproterone acetate]
  4. (chemical) Castration [offenders + IC]
  5. Cognitive techniques (mindfulness,impulse control, cognitive restructuring)
  6. Interpersonal (skills) techniques
  7. Psychoeducation
21
Q

Types of paraphilias

A
  1. Fetishism
  2. Transvestism
  3. Exhibitionism
  4. Voyeurism
  5. Pedophilia
  6. Sadomasochism
  7. Frotteurism
  8. Necrophilia
  9. Zoophilia
22
Q

Types of paraphilic disorders

A
  1. Exhibitionistic disorder
  2. Voyeuristic disorder
  3. Pedophilic disorder
  4. Coercive sexual sadism disorder
  5. Frotteuristic disorder

With non-consenting individuals
* Necrophilia
* Zoophilia

With consenting individuals
* Sadomasochism
* Fetishistic transvestism
* Fetishism

Sexology - Wiebe (10 decks)

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