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Sexology - Wiebe > Week 2 - Sexological Male Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

Week 2 - Sexological Male Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Sexual health: a predictor of general health and longevity

A

Physical health is significantly correlated with sexual activity and many aspects of sexual function, irrespective of age

Sexual activity is inversely related to mortality; in one cohort study, mortality risk was 50% lower in men with high frequency of orgasm than in men with low frequency of orgasm

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2
Q

Context

A
  • Religion
  • Culture
  • Communication
  • Relationship
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3
Q

Mind

A
  • Self-image
  • Body image
  • Cognitions
  • Thoughts
  • Depression
  • Fear
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4
Q

Body

A
  • Age
  • Condition
  • Disease
  • Medication
  • Life Style
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5
Q

What determines the presence of testes or ovaries

A

The presence or absence of SRY gene

SRY –> testes otherwise ovaries

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6
Q

When do testes develop?

A

The 7th week outer portions of gonads degenerate and inner portions develop into testes

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7
Q

When do ovaries develop?

A

11th week the inner portions of gonads degenerate and outer portions develop into ovaries

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8
Q

What do the endocrine glands produce

A

Male hormones (androgens)
Mullerian inhibiting substance

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9
Q

When does puberty occur?

A

When hypothalamus begins to secrete gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH) causing pituitary to release:

  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH
  • Luteinizing hormone (LH
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10
Q

Limbic system

A

Important for controlling behavior for survival (eating, emotions, fighting, flight, reproduction)

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11
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Important for several things, such as hunger and thirst, circadian rhythm and sex.

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12
Q

Genital reaction

A

Core regions in the hypothalamus project directly or
via core regions in the brainstem into autonomous
neurons in the spinal cord

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13
Q

The software of sex drive

A

The role of neurotransmitters

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14
Q

The hardware of sex drive

A

How neurons and neuronal networks process and modulate sexual responses

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15
Q

Neurotransmitters

A
  1. Noradrenaline / adrenaline –> fight/flight
  2. Cortisol –> stress
  3. Testosterone –> motivator
  4. Dopamine –> pleasure, well-being
  5. Serotonin –> obsession
  6. Oxytocin –> bonding, attraction, arousal
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16
Q

Excitatory factors

A
  1. Testosterone
  2. Estrogen
  3. Progesterone
  4. Dopamine
17
Q

Inhibitory factors

A
  1. Serotonin
  2. Prolactin
  3. Opioids
18
Q

Average penis

A
  • 12.9 - 13.9cm erect
  • 9.16cm stretched
  • 8.7cm flacid
19
Q

Micropenis

A
  • <4cm flaccid and <7.5cm erect
20
Q

Phases of erection

A
  1. flaccid phase
  2. latent phase
  3. tumescent phase
  4. full erection phase
  5. rigid erection phase
  6. detumescence phase
21
Q

Flaccid phase

A

Cavernosal smooth ms contracted; sinusoids empty; minimal arterial flow

22
Q

Latent phase

A

Increased pudent artery flow; erection forming

23
Q

Tumescent phase

A

Rising intracavernosal pressure; erection forming

24
Q

Full erection phase

A

Increased cavernosal pressure causes penis to become full erect

25
Q

Rigid erection phase

A

Further increases in pressure + ischiocavernosal muscle contraction

26
Q

Detumescence phase

A

Following ejaculation, sympathetic discharge resumes; there is smooth muscle contraction and vasonstriction; reduced arterial flow; blood is expelled from sinusoidal spaces

27
Q

Erection types

A
  1. Psychogenic erections
  2. Reflexogenic erections
  3. Nocturnal erections
28
Q

Mechanisms of erection

A
  1. Erotic stimuli (dopamine)
  2. Neural initiation: parasymp. oxytogenic nerve fibers
  3. Cellular activation of L-arginine pathway
  4. Relaxation of cavernous smooth musculature
  5. Erection
29
Q

Peripheral neuroanatomy

A
  • Parasympathetic pathways (sacral nerves 2- 4)
    for control of erection
  • Sympathetic pathways (thoracic T10–L2)
    control detumescence and ejaculation
  • Both pass to the Cavernosal nerve
30
Q

Somatic neuroanatomy

A
  • From S2-4 Onuf’s nucleus to the Pudendal and
    Dorsal nerves
  • Innervate the bulbocaversus muscles (pelvic floor)
31
Q

Erection enemies

A
  • Smoking
  • Alcohol
  • Drugs
  • Stress
  • Anxiety
32
Q

The deadly quartet

A
  1. Diabetes
  2. Obesity
  3. Hypertension
  4. Dislipidemia
33
Q

Functions of pelvic floor

A
  1. Innervate the bulbocaversus muscles (pelvic floor)
  2. The pelvic floor is part of the sphincters mechanism of the anus and urethra (is essential for continence).
  3. The pelvic floor of women is important in the birth process because of the resistance in the birth canal that is essential for the spindle rotation.

Support
Passage
Mobility/stability
Sex
Emotion

34
Q

Involvement of PF

A
  • Enhancement of blood flow
    ischiocavernous muscle facilitates
    erection
  • bulbocavernous maintaining the
    erection (pressing deep dorsal
    vein)
  • Inhibit ejaculation relaxation of the bulbocavernous
    and ischiocavernous muscles

Sexology - Wiebe (10 decks)

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