WEEK 6: Experimental methods 2

Question 1

The outline, plan, or strategy used to investigate the research problem is called what?

A. One-group pretest–posttest design
B. One-group posttest-only design
C. Research design
D. Weak experimental designs

Answer 1

Research design

Question 2

Designs that do not control for many extraneous variables and provide weak evidence of cause and effect

A. One-group pretest–posttest design
B. One-group posttest-only design
C. Research design
D. Weak experimental designs

Answer 2

Weak experimental designs

(When these weaker designs are used, it becomes much more difficult to infer a causal relationship between your independent and dependent variables).

Question 3

Administration of a posttest to a single group of participants after they have been given an experimental treatment condition

A. One-group pretest–posttest design
B. One-group posttest-only design
C. Research design
D. Weak experimental designs

Answer 3

One-group posttest-only design

( a single group of research participants is measured on a dependent variable after having undergone an experimental treatment).

Question 4

Design in which a treatment condition is interjected between a pretest and posttest of the dependent variable

A. One-group pretest–posttest design
B. One-group posttest-only design
C. Research design
D. Weak experimental designs

Answer 4

One-group pretest–posttest design

(Improves the one-group posttest design by adding a pretest to measure the dependent variable before the treat-ment is introduced).

Question 5

info to read/learn, turn over

Answer 5

Researchers design their studies to answer their research question. This means that they identify the relevant independent and dependent variables and attempt to control for extraneous variables.

Question 6

Learn the weaknesses of factorial designs/ turn over

Answer 6

• Using more than two independent variables may be logistically cumbersome
• Higher-order interactions are difficult to interpret

Question 7

Learn the strengths of factorial designs/ turn over

Answer 7

• More than one independent variable allows for more precise hypotheses
• Control of extraneous variables by including as an independent variable
• The ability to determine the interactive effect of two or more independent variables

Question 8

______________ refers to the consistency of results and ____________ is the way a construct is represented and measured.

A. Reliability; operationalisation
B. Validity; reliability
C. Reliability; validity
D. Validity; operationalisation

Answer 8

A. Reliability; operationalisation

Question 9

A major advantage of randomly selecting participants from a population is that

A. It is more likely that your sample will have the characteristics you need it to have.
B. Your sample is more likely to be representative of the population.
c. Your sample will have sufficient size
D. You can be more confident that it was the manipulation of the independent variable that caused the changes observed in the dependent variable.

Answer 9

B. Your sample is more likely to be representative of the population.

Question 10

Random assignment of participants to the various groups in an experiment

A. makes it more likely that participants in groups are similar on all possible characteristics.
B. means that you do not require a control group.
C. Is very difficult to do and is therefore not commonly done.
D. Is essential if you want to generalize your results to the population.

Answer 10

A. makes it more likely that participants in groups are similar on all possible characteristics.

Question 11

Internal validity is concerned specifically with:

A. making inferences about cause and effect.
B. the degree to which findings can be generalised to other people, settings, treatments, outcomes, and times.
C. the degree to which findings can be generalised to the populatiion
D. making inferences about higher order constructs

Answer 11

A. making inferences about cause and effect.

Question 12

Which of the following could be used to eliminate the confounding influence of extraneous variables?

A. rejecting the participant that is above or below a certain criteria
B. holding the variable constant
C. Using non-random sampling.
D. both A and c

Answer 12

B.holding the variable constant

Question 13

Longitudinal studies can be difficult to conduct as physical and psychological changes in participants over time can become confounded with the independent variable(s) of the experiment. Researchers refer to this as the problem of

A. history
B. maturation
C. education
D. regression artefact.

Answer 13

B. maturation

Question 14

Whether laboratory results are applicable in a real world setting is an issue of:

A. ecological validity
B. Internal validity
C. temporal validity
D. global validity.

Answer 14

A. ecological validity

Question 15

What is the primary weakness of matching?

A. It overrides the need for random assignment
B. The influence of the variables on which participants are matched is spread evenly across groups
C. groups are equated only on the matching variables.
D. It eliminates the influence of virtually all known extraneous variables

Answer 15

C. groups are equated only on the matching variables

Question 16

_________________is the best technique to use to control for sequencing effects?

A. yoked matching
B. counterbalancing
C. precision control matching
D. random assignment to groups

Answer 16

B. counterbalancing

Question 17

In some experiments, demand characteristics are controlled by making sure neither the participant nor the experimenter knows what condition(s) the participant experienced until the data are collected and analyzed. This is called a(n) procedure.

A. matched ignorance
B. double blind
C. counterbalancing
D. treatment-placebo

Answer 17

B. double blind

Question 18

A research design that contains both between participants and within participants variables is called a?
A. factorial design 
B. mixed design 
C. combination design 
D. double variable design

Answer 18

B. mixed design

Question 19

In a between-participants posttest-only design

A. each participant is tested in only one treatment condition.
B. participants are assigned to as many groups as there are experimental conditions.
C. there is no pretest measure
D. all of the above

Answer 19

D. all of the above

Question 20

A sample of students complete a maths skills test at the start of the year. The students work through the maths curriculum across the year. Their maths skills are measured again at the end of the year. Which research design is best to test this?

A. posttest only design with nonequivalent groups
B. one group pretest-posttest design
C. one group posttest only design
D. A randomised control trial

Answer 20

B. one group pretest-posttest design

Question 21

A ___________________ method requires that neither the experimenter nor the participant be aware of the treatment condition administered to the participant.

A. double blind
B. randomised
C. deception
D. single blind

Answer 21

A. double blind