Week 6-Exam 2 Flashcards
Stress occurs when we are forced to __________ to changes
adapt
Holmes-Rahe’s life illustrates the cumulative ________ of stress
nature
Selye’s GAS stages include:
1.
2.
3.
Alarm stage
Resistance stage
Exhaustion stage
The fight or flight response is activated in what stage?
alarm
The individual uses the fight or flight response to adapt to the stressor to prevent which next stage?
resistance stage
Physical problems and mental disorders occur in what stage?
exhaustion
When responding to a tragedy, its important to remember the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
- be aware of physical needs and limitations
- Provide emotional support to each other
- debrief after the incident
- utilize available counseling resources.
Trauma patients often have difficulty ____________ and feel ___________ from others
concentrating, detached
If symptoms are present for less than one month, the diagnosis is _________ stress disorder.
acute
When trauma symptoms last longer than a month, the diagnosis is _________
PTSD
Children experiencing PTSD commonly present with ____________
regression
________ percent of people will experience trauma, but not many develop PTSD
50-60
The lifetime prevalence of PTSD is __________?
6-9%
Which trauma is more likely to lead to PTSD?
Intentional or non-intentional
intentional trauma
_________ are more likely to develop PTSD
men
Trauma treatments include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
- CBT techniques (socratic questioning and exposure)
- cognitive processing therapy
- eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)
- mindful based stress reduction
- guided imagery (visualize peaceful scene)
The first line of medications for trauma is __________
Paroxetine, sertraline, venlafaxine, mirtazapine
antidepressants (SSRIs, SNRIs)
_____________ receptor blockers can help with PTSD -related sleep disturbances
alpha- adrenergic
given the high prevalence of substance abuse and PTSD, ____________ are usually avoided
benzodiazepines
Assigning the ________ nurse will help build a trusting relationship with PTSD clients
same
Be sensitive to the issue of _______ for a client who has experienced rape
gender
PTSD: Ask ___________ before touching the client
permission
PTSD: Reassure the client that he or she is ________
safe
PTSD: Reassure the client that feelings of _______ are normal
grief
PTSD: Assess clients for ________ ideation
suicidal
PTSD: Use ________ listening skills if a client expresses feelings of guilt
active
PTSD: teach clients to avoid ____________ and __________
alcohol, caffeine
Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive amounts of anxiety that ____________________
disrupt functioning
what level of anxiety sharpness the senses, increases motivation and productivity, and allows instruction?
mild anxiety
what level of anxiety decreases the perceptual field, alertness, and concentration, but increases muscle tension?
moderate anxiety
What level of anxiety causes the perceptual field, and concentration to be severely diminished. Clients lose situational awareness and have impaired functioning. Physical symptoms are very prominent.
severe anxiety
What level of anxiety causes a person to be unable to focus on a single detail in the environment. Clients may lose contact with reality and experience hallucinations or delusions
panic anxiety
________ disorders are the most common category of mental illness
anxiety
Most anxiety disorders are more common in ____________
women
Behavioral theory illustrates the __________ cycle that causes anxiety disorders.
avoidance
physical changes in the brain’s circuitry will further reinforce the avoidance cycle used in anxiety. It becomes ___________
hardwired
CBT emphasizes the role of _____________ distortions in producing anxious feelings
cognitive
Panic attacks occur suddenly and __________________________ (i.e., they are not associated with any particular situations or triggers). These attacks are usually brief (minutes).
unpredictably
“Panic Disorder feels like being in a cage with a _________, except that there is no ________” (Frances, 2013, p. 61). Clients can feel sheer terror, be out of breath, and have a racing heartbeat.
tiger, tiger
Panic disorder can sometimes lead to ______________________.
agoraphobia
The lifetime prevalence of panic disorder is ________ percent.
4.7
Anxiety is twice as common in __________
women
Panic treatment CBT technique:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
- self-monitoring,
- breathing retraining
- muscle relaxation
- cognitive restructuring (ABCD method)
- exposure therapy.
Common panic disorder medications include __________ (SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs) and _______________.
antidepressants, benzodiazepines
Using ____________ for panic disorder is best at achieving a rapid effect but aren’t the best long term option
Benzodiazepine
Panic disorder intervention: Stay with the client and offer _____________. Don’t leave a client who is experiencing severe or panic anxiety alone.
reassurance
PD intervention: Anxiety is contagious; remain ________. Use a matter-of-fact approach.
calm
PD intervention:
Use ____________ words and phrases. During intense anxiety, clients are unable to focus and are unable to comprehend complicated speech.
simple
PD intervention:
Reduce environmental ______________ (e.g., decrease the number of people in the room, turn the TV off, dim the lighting).
stimuli
Hyperventilation can be treated by having the client breathe into a small paper bag. This helps the client retain more ____________ ______________, relieving many of the panic attack symptoms. Don’t do this, however, if the client has coronary artery disease, asthma, or COPD.
Administer prescribed fast-acting PRN anxiolytic medication (e.g., a benzodiazepine).
When the client is calm and receptive to learning, _________ teaching on ways to halt anxiety attacks (e.g., relaxation techniques, deep breathing exercises, meditation, exercise).
carbon dioxide,
reinforce
Clients with social anxiety disorder have an excessive __________ they might say or do something embarrassing
fear
Social anxiety disorder is more severe than normal ________ ; it causes significant distress and _________ functioning
shyness, impairs
The lifetime prevalence of social anxiety disorder is ___________%. It is slightly more common in __________. The average age of onset is mid-teens.
5-12%, women
Social anxiety treatment: Effective CBT techniques include _________ desensitization and _________ restructuring.
systemic, cognitive
common social anxiety disorder meds are __________ and ________
antidepressants, benzodiazepines
(benzodiazepines achieve rapid effect, but aren’t best long term)
Clients with social anxiety disorder sometimes use ______________ as a “social lubricant.” Self-medication, however, can easily lead to a ____________ use disorder. Prescribed and monitored treatments (e.g., SSRIs) are safer and more effective.
alcohol, substance