Week 6- Cognitive Behavioural Theories of Personality

Question 1

According to Behaviourists, what are the 3 Key Roles of personality development?

Answer 1

1. Classical Conditioning
2. Operant Conditioning- Behaviour is learnt through the consequences of actions
3. Observational Learning

Question 2

What are the 3 evaluations of Skinner’s Black-Box Approach?

Answer 2

1. Has practical benefits.
2. Overly simple view of personality
3. To rigid and deterministic.

Question 3

Name 4 constructs of Rutter’s Social Learning Theory

Answer 3

1. Psychological Situation-The person’s existing situation.
2. Reinforcement Value- A person’s preference for a reinforcer.
3. Expectancy- Expectations the behaviour will have the desired outcome
4. Behaviour Potential- Likelihood the person will engage in that behaviour.

Question 4

How do you figure out Behaviour Potential?

Answer 4

Value x Expectancy= Behavioural Potential

Question 5

Name the three Observational Learning stages

Answer 5

1. Observer is exposed to the modelling cues.
2. Observer pays attention and stores these cues in their memory.
3. These cues guide actions

Question 6

What is Triadic Reciprocal Determinism?

Answer 6

1. Behaviour
2. Personal Variables
3. Environment

Question 7

Explain Perceived Self Efficacy

Answer 7

The expectation one has that they are capable of learning the required behaviour that will result in a desirable outcome.

Question 8

What are the 4 sources of information in Perceived Self-Efficacy?

Answer 8

1. Performance Accomplishments- When we do a test well, efficacy increases.
2. Vicarious Experience- By Observing others succeed at a task, we expect we may also.
3. Verbal Persuasion- Being told by others we can succeed.
4. Emotional Arousal- People rely on their current state to judge their level of anxiety.

Question 9

Explain Perfectionism

Answer 9

In Cognitive Therapy, It is a common thinking error. It demands impossible expectations. There are external (Find fault with others) and internal (have high expectations of themselves).

Question 10

According to the Cognitive Perspective, negative thoughts_________

Answer 10

CAUSE people to be depressed

Question 11

Who developed the Locus of Control?

Answer 11

Rutter

Question 12

Explain Rotter’s Expectancy Model

Answer 12

Learning depends on the degree to which a person values a reinforcer. People have differed expectations for different reinforcers.

Question 13

Explain a Generalised Expectancy?

Answer 13

When a person’s expectations for a reinforcer is the same over many situations.

Question 14

Explain Specific Expectancies?

Answer 14

This is when people have different Locus of Controls for specific situations.