Week 6: ADH & Diuretics Flashcards
Where do CA inhibitors act? What’s an example?
Proximal tubule. Acetazolamide.
Where do loop diuretics act?
ascending limb of loop of Henle inhibiting NaKCC transporter
Where do thiazide diuretics act?
distal convoluted tubule NaCl symporter
Where do potassium sparing diuretics act?
Collecting tubule: inhibit aldosterone receptors or block Na exchange for K and H.
Where does ADH work?
Medullary collecting duct -> recruits aquaporins
Where do osmotic diuretics work?
proximal tubule and descending limb of loop of Henle
2 major loop diuretics
Furosemide & Bumetanide
Loop diuretic effect on Na Cl and K
Inc excretion of NaCl, some K+ from collecting tubule exchanged with the excess Na -> depletion of K
3 Thiazide diuretics
HCTZ, chlorthalidone, metalazone
How do thiazide diuretics contribute to hyperglycemia?
Bind sulfonyl urea receptor on K+ channel -> opens -> hyperpolarizes beta cell -> dec insulin release
Why do thiazides and ACEI have good synergy?
Thiazides -> dec Na, dec BP, which stimulate RAS. ACEI blocks RAS effects.
What medications are used to treat gout? How do they work?
Allopurinol: inhibits xanthine oxidase. Probenicid or Sulfinpyrazone: inhibit renal organic acid transporters -> excretion of urate.
Why should you use NSAIDs not ASA for inflammation in gout?
Salicylates use same transporter -> dec excretion of urate.
What diuretic increases blood urate levels?
Thiazides.
