Week 6

Question 1

What is poor coping?

Answer 1

Altered perceptions, risk behaviors, inaccurate definition of stressor, lack of control, lack of social support and resources, decreased resilience

Question 2

What are the two largest influences on adaptation and coping?

Answer 2

Context and individual perception

Question 3

What are some elements of successful adaptation?

Answer 3

Performing adaptive tasks, absence of psychological disorders, decreased negative affect, adequate functional status, and satisfaction/well-being in various life domains

Question 4

What are some differences between coping and adaptation?

Answer 4

Coping – more immediate, about survival, reactive

Adaptation – long-term, active process, continuous, involves planning

Question 5

What are five components of adjustment?

Answer 5

Adjust in multiple life domains, positive and negative outcomes, dynamic process, only view in context of the individual, heterogeneity is the rule not the exception

Question 6

What are the two main models that we discussed regarding adaptation and coping?

Answer 6

Common sense model

Moos and Holohan

Question 7

What is the common sense model?

Answer 7

The clients illness beliefs and representations of that illness influence their adaptation to the illness and their health outcomes; clients develop cognitive and emotional representations of the illness

Question 8

What are the five dimensions that affect view of an illness according to the commonsense model?

Answer 8

Identity (symptoms), timeline (duration, prognosis), cause, consequences, controllability

Question 9

What is the Moos and Holohan model?

Answer 9

The influence of cognitive appraisal dictates adaptive tasks which leads to individual choice of coping skills and the outcome

Question 10

Explain the seven panels of the Moos and Holohan model.

Answer 10

1. Personal resources – intellectual ability, age, ego, confidence, religion, prior health and coping, personality, culture, values, spirituality, socioeconomic class, access to care, risk behaviours
2. Health related factors – symptoms, type of disability, change in body image, stigma, effort to manage symptoms
3. Social and physical context – relationship with family and friends, social support network, intimacy, isolation; adequate support equals positive adaptation
4. Cognitive appraisal - how do they view the illness?; Based on primary appraisal
5. Adaptive tasks – managing symptoms, managing treatment, form relationships with healthcare providers, manage emotions, maintain positive self image, relate to family and friends, prepare for an uncertain future
6. Coping skills – perceived outcome? What do they think of their available resources?
7. Health related outcomes – what were the outcomes of the client?

Question 11

Describe the flow of the Moos and Holohan diagram?

Answer 11

Panels 1 to 3 influence cognitive appraisal; cognitive appraisal influences adaptive tasks; but out of tasks influence coping; coping influences the health outcome

Personal resources affect adaptation, coping, and health outcomes

Personal resources can also affect health related factors and social and physical context; health related factors can influence personal resources and social and physical context; social and physical context can influence personal resources and health related factors

Health related outcomes, coping skills, and adaptive tasks all influence social and physical context of the client