Week 3

Question 1

What are some broad influences on behaviour in the illness experience?

Answer 1

Legitimization, compounding issues, loss of self, past experiences, demographic, culture of poverty

Question 2

How does a loss of self impact behaviour in illness?

Answer 2

Affects how you perceive the illness, can cause the development of chronic sorrow, may cause a devalued self

Question 3

How do the demographics of age, gender, and marital status affect behaviour in illness?

Answer 3

Age - increasing age is associated with more chronic disease
Gender - women are more likely to seek services
Marital Status - married couples tend to have a decreased use of services (they stay home and take care of each other)

Question 4

How does the culture of poverty affect behaviour in illness?

Answer 4

Health may not be the priority concern, so issues are not addressed until they can no longer be ignored

Question 5

What are some of the realities of chronic disease?

Answer 5

Clients are the expert, focused on maintaining stability, lack of systemic supports that result in a loss of faith in the healthcare system

Question 6

What are some things that influence the illness experience?

Answer 6

Responses to the illness (from the client, family, and HCPs) and coping strategies (positive or negative)

Question 7

What are some aspects of the illness perspective?

Answer 7

Illness identification
Timeline (progression)
Consequences
Controllability

Question 8

How does work participation affect the illness perspective?

Answer 8

Non-working - experience increased consequences, symptoms, lost connections, and decreased productivity as a result of their illness

Working - better control and understanding of their illness

Question 9

How does culture affect illness perceptions?

Answer 9

Serves as a guideline for creating mental models of the illness and determines expectations of the individual and their family

Question 10

How does the medical model affect illness perceptions?

Answer 10

Physiology, symptoms (presence, type, severity), diagnosis, focus on treating and curing

Question 11

How does the sick role affect illness perceptions?

Answer 11

Sickness is social deviance; when ill you are exempt from social roles and are not responsible for the condition, however, it is expected that you seek help and have a goal to become well again

Question 12

What causes stigma?

Answer 12

Social beliefs and a failure to meet social expectations

Question 13

What are some components of stigma?

Answer 13

Disagreement, shame, stereotypes, and labelling

Question 14

What are some different classifications of stigma?

Answer 14

Physical deformity, character blemish, and prejudice

Question 15

What is the difference between felt stigma and enacted stigma?

Answer 15

Felt - internalized perceptions

Enacted - the behaviours and perceptions of others

Question 16

What is labelling theory in terms of stigma?

Answer 16

Society labels those who do not conform to the norm

Question 17

What are some examples of inequitable treatment in the illness experience?

Answer 17

Blame is assigned, fear of the unknown, feelings of shame and isolation, client normalization, resistance and rejection, and disregard of the client

Question 18

What are some interventions for the inequities of the illness experience?

Answer 18

Healthcare reform and updated professional practice guidelines, community education, develop therapeutic relationships with clients that places them as part of the healthcare team

Question 19

What are some client-specific interventions that may help with the inequities of the illness experience?

Answer 19

Emotional writing, help to increase feelings of self-worth through support groups or counselling, use of technologies, education, encouraging healthy coping mechanisms