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MSK - Cortex > Week 6 > Flashcards

Week 6 Flashcards

1
Q

MOI for pelvic injuries

A

Younger - high energy

Older - osteoporosis, low energy

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2
Q

what is at risk with pelvic injuries

A

internal iliac arterial system
pre-sacral venous plexus
bladder and urethral injuries

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3
Q

open fracture initial management

A

reduce displacement

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4
Q

what is essential in pelvic injuries

A

PR exam

- presence of blood indicates rectal tear

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5
Q

what type of hip injuries do the elderly getting

A

pubic rami fractures

displaced lateral compression injuries w/ sacral fracture or SI joint disruption

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6
Q

common MOI for humeral neck fractures

A

low energy
osteoporotic bone
FOOSH

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7
Q

most common pattern for humeral neck fractures

A

fracture of surgical neck

medial displacement of the humeral shaft

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8
Q

Mx of humeral neck fracture

A

minimally displaced - conservatively w/ sling and rehab

displaced - internal fixation

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9
Q

complications of humeral neck fracture

A

stiffness
chronic pain
failure of fixation

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10
Q

what type of fractures usually require shoulder replacement

A

head splitting fractures

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11
Q

what is a Bankart lesion

A

detachment of the anterior glenoid labrum and capsule

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12
Q

what is a Hill-Sachs lesion

A

posterior humeral head impacts on the anterior glenoid causing an impaction fracture of the posterior head

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13
Q

what is the principal sign of axillary nerve injury

A

loss of sensation in the regimental badge area

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14
Q

what can be done to improve stability in people with ligamentous laxity

A

capsular shift

physio

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15
Q

MOI of posterior shoulder dislocation

A

posterior force on the adducted and internally rotated arm

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16
Q

Tx for posterior shoulder dislocation

A

closed reduction
period of immobilisation
physio

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17
Q

MOI of ACJ injuries

A

fall onto the point of the shoulder

can be sprain/subluxed/dislocated

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18
Q

Mx of ACJ injuries

A

conservative Mx - sling
physio for a few weeks

chronic pain - surgery

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19
Q

up to what degree of angulation can be tolerated in humeral shaft fractures

A

30 degrees

20
Q

what is susceptible in humeral shaft fractures to damage and how would it manifest

A

radial nerve

wrist drop and loss of sensation in the first dorsal web space

21
Q

Tx of humeral shaft fractures

A

humeral brace - most common

internal fixation w/ nail,plate,screws

non-union - plating and bone grafting

22
Q

MOI for olecranon fractures

A

fall onto the point of the elbow with contraction of the triceps muscle

23
Q

Mx for olecranon fractures

A

ORIF to restore triceps functio

24
Q

what does a diaphysial fracture of both bones of the forearm require

A

ORIF with plates and screws

Anatomical reduction

25
Q

clinical signs of scaphoid fracture

A

FOOSH
tenderness in the anatomic snuff box
pain on compressing the thumb metacarpal

26
Q

Ix of suspected scaphoid fracture

A

X-ray:
AP
Lateral
2 oblique views

27
Q

nothing seen on x-ray, but scaphoid fracture is still suspected

A

normal not to see anything

x-ray done two weeks later

28
Q

Tx for scaphoid fracture

A

suspected but not seen on x-ray
- splinted and further assessed 2 weeks later
‘clinical scaphoid fracture’

otherwise
- 6-12 weeks plaster cast

29
Q

complications of scaphoid fracture

A

non-union

AVN of PROXIMAL pole

30
Q

penetrating hand injury on volar side risk injuring what

A

flexor tendons, digital nerves and digital arteries

31
Q

penetrating hand injury on dorsal side risk injuring what

A

extensor tendons

32
Q

complete or significant partial tendon injury Tx

A

surgical repair

33
Q

what causes mallet finger

A

avulsion of the extensor tendon from its insertion into the terminal phalanx and is caused by forced flexion of the extended DIPJ

cannot extend at DIPJ

34
Q

Tx of mallet finger

A

mallet splint holding the DIPJ extended worn continuously for a minimum of 4 weeks.

35
Q

in stress fractures, what Ix is used after x-ray

A

Bone scan

36
Q

Tx of toe fractures

A

stout boot

37
Q

what type of toes fractures may benefit from reduction and fixation

A

Intra‐articular fractures of the base of the proximal phalanx of the hallux

38
Q

open toe fractures require what

A

stabilisation with wires

39
Q

how are toe dislocations treated

A

closed reduction

neighbour strapping or wiring

40
Q

why are children’s bones more likely to bend than break like adults

A

have a thicker periosteum

41
Q

children’s fractures heal slower than adults - true or false

A

false

healer quicker due to thicker periosteum with rich source of osteoblast

42
Q

why is a greater degree of angulation tolerated in children

A

have a greater potential to remodel as they grow

bones form along lines of stress and can correct angulation

43
Q

at what age do child fractures get treated as adult fractures

A

puberty

around 12-14

44
Q

what type of fractures in children could disturb growth

A

around the physis (growth plate)

can result in shortened limb or angular deformity

45
Q

how does the Salter-Harris progress

A

prognosis is poorer as the classification progresses

46
Q

what is the Salter-Harris classification

A

classification of physeal fractures

47
Q

what should be considered in femoral shaft fractures in children

A

NAI
Also, femur is a common site for benign and malignant bone tumors and the fracture may be pathological with osteolysis and cortical thinning.

MSK - Cortex (5 decks)

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