Week 6 Flashcards

Question

“High Delinquency Areas”

Answer 1

Shaw and McKay Used concentric zone theory to study patterns of crime and delinquency throughout Chicago Identified areas of high crime adjacent to the city center (similar to the Zone of Transition) Delinquent behavior develops when children are raised in neighborhoods with high rates of poverty, which produces social disorganization → delinquency Focus is on the presence and impact of social disorganization

Answer 2

Great influx of laborers Social scientists define a series of concentric zones around Chicago, commencing with the core in downtown Chicago and progressing outward, away from the city center, in a series of concentric rings The outward renege or zone immediately adjacent to the central core was labeled by Burgess and Park as an interstitial area (zone of transition)

Answer 3

Series of rings originating from a city center, such as Chicago, and emanating outward, forming various zones characterized by different socioeconomic conditions; believed to contain areas of high delinquency and crime Found that delinquency is more frequent in youth in lower SES; poorly in school

Answer 4

A culture within a culture where the use of violence in certain social situations is commonplace and normative

Answer 5

Sampson Focuses on social organization and collective efficacy in neighborhoods Collective efficacy → informal social control → cohesion and support networks → less crime Neighborhood disorganization → lacking efficacy → more crime What happens when youth from poorer neighborhoods move to more affluent ones?

Answer 6

Miller Individuals in lower SES brackets don’t internalize middle class values and delinquent acts are not due to anomic frustration Values, ideals, goals specific to poorer communities Miller’s high priority values: - Trouble, toughness, smartness, excitement, fate, autonomy

Answer 7

Walter Miller used this term to refer to those aspects of the subculture that are important; these aspects require attention by members of the subculture - Trouble, toughness, smartness, excitement, fate, autonomy

Answer 8

Norms and values of lower class youth that emphasize violence and respect

Answer 9

Biased and homogenous view of individuals living in lower income neighborhoods Social organization is not always absent in lower SES neighborhoods, it just looks different than in other neighborhoods Studies that rely on crime rates in neighborhoods are biased – what is the danger of relying on arrest records Neighborhoods don’t necessarily cause crime, as those with prior history of offending (and therefore higher risk of reoffending) may be drawn to the neighborhood

Answer 10

Carefully regulated, intensive supervision program designed to improve the social and psychological experiences of juveniles

Answer 11

Persons develop self definitions that deviant and criminal Labeling

Answer 12

Stressed the definition people have of delinquent acts rather than delinquency itself

Answer 13

Occurs when you spontaneously violate the law by engaging in occasional pranks

Answer 14

Occurs when delinquency becomes consistent with adolescent self image and behavior patterns or lifestyle

Answer 15

Stresses processual aspects of youth becoming bonded or socially integrated into the norms of society Include dimensions of bonding: - Attachment, commitment, belief, and involvement

Answer 16

Positive self image enables persons otherwise disposed toward criminal behavior to avoid criminal conduct and conform to societal values

Answer 17

Theories that people learned ways of conforming by paying attention to the reactions of others in response to their own behavior

Answer 18

Assumes that delinquency is the result of poor friendship or peer choices, poor social adjustments, the wrong educational opportunities, and/or a general failure to envision realistic life goals and inculcate appropriate moral values

Answer 19

Assumes that delinquency conduct is like a disease, the causes of which can be isolated and attacked

Answer 20

Designed to improve school performance and decrease delinquency One on one adult and juvenile

Answer 21

Matches one adult to one juvenile in a cost effective intervention that reduces adolescent drug and alcohol use and improves youth parent relationships

Answer 22

Means the absence of any direct intervention with certain juveniles who have been taken into custody Consistent with the DSO movement

Answer 23

Allows some minimal level of intervention to affect changes in behavior

Answer 24

Argues that many of the current approaches to delinquency are not fundamentally unsound but also harmful to youth

Answer 25

Punishment centered and seemingly revenge oriented Where the state’s interest is to ensure that juveniles are punished in relation to the seriousness of the offenses they have committed

Answer 26

Theories that one of the best ways of controlling juvenile delinquency is to incapacitate juvenile offenders, either through some secure incarceration or through an intensive supervision program operated by a community based agency or organization

Answer 27

May include provisions for the electronic monitoring of certain juvenile offenders as an alternative to incarceration in a secure facility Plastic bracelets or anklets - sends signals

Answer 28

Intensive intervention that works with families in the community to address factors contributing to serious delinquent behavior

Answer 29

Recognized that crime harms the community, victims, and juvenile offenders Approach holds the offender accountable to the victim while providing intervention to improve offender competencies and social skills and to promote non delinquent behavior Seeks to ensure public safety and balance the needs of all Five domains of competency development accountability

Answer 30

Prosocial skills Moral reasoning skills Academic skills Workforce skills Independent living skills

Answer 31

Victim impact statement Victim community awareness classes Apology statement Restitution and community service Restorative processes

Answer 32

A trauma informed, theory based, evidence supported, whole culture approach that requires organizational change for treating youth Requires that participants to endorse: - Nonviolence, emotional intelligence, social learning, open communication democracy, social responsibility, growth and change

Answer 33

Provides intensive home visitation by trained nurses during prenatal and childhood years

Answer 34

Developed for children 10-15 who have been exposed to substantial violence or other traumatic events and have symptoms of PTSD in the clinical range Goals: Reduce symptoms related to trauma To build resilience To increase peer and parent support

Answer 35

A national initiative implemented to reduce firearms Persons based from using firearms - Convicted felons - Fugitives from justice - Illegal immigrants - Mental defectives or persons who have been committed at any time to a mental institution - Persons who have given up their US citizenship - Persons dishonorably discharged from the armed forces - Anyone under court order to refrain from stalking, harassing, or threatening an intimate partner or other person - Anyone convicted of a misdemeanor crime involving violence or a threat with a deadly weapon