Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

mental health and juvenile justice > Week 6 > Flashcards

Week 6 Flashcards

1
Q

sociological theories of juvenile offending

A

Social strain theories
Cultural transmission theories
Social control
Labeling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

social strain theories

A

There is a strain or disconnect between what the individual wants and 1) what they are demanding, 2) the stress society is putting on them, and 3) what society wants from them
Anomie
“Delinquency Boys”
“Delinquency and Opportunity”
General Strain Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

anomie - theory

A

Merton, 1957

Idealized, socially approved goals vs the means available to the individual for achieving these goals

punnett square

modes of adaptation

sociological theory that examines how a lack of shared values, standards, and rules can lead to deviant behavior and crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

modes of adaption

A

Ways that persons who occupy a particular social position adjust to cultural goals

These modes include:
- conformity
- innovation
- ritualism
- retreatism
- rebellion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

conformity

A

Persons accept the goals of society and worry toward their attainment usually societally approved means

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

innovation

A

Persons accept the goals of society but use means to achieve them other than those approved by society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

retreatism

A

Persons reject goals and the means to achieve goals; retreat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ritualism

A

Persons reject the goals of society but work toward other less lofty goals by institutionally approved means

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

rebellion

A

Persons seek to replace culturally approved goals and institutionalized means with new goals and means for others to follow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

anomie - definition

A

state of helplessness that results from this juxtaposition
- Conscious or unconsciously aware that society has goals for them however they are struggling to achieve them
- Learned helplessness
- Internal conflict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Delinquency Boys - Cohen

A

1955
Male youth in lower SES groups internalize middle and upper class views of success and drive for higher social status

Focuses on gang involvement among lower SES youth

Disconnected between status and goals

When blocked from achieving higher status and goals, youth responded with:
- college boy response
- corner boy response
- delinquent boy response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

college boy response

A

Can reach goals through hard work and education

Americanized; thirty, hard working, cut off activity from peers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

corner boy response

A

stable

don’t surrender the idea of being upwardly mobile; no learned helplessness

but doesn’t cut off peers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

delinquent boy response

A

Completely recapitulates societal ideals
Reaction formation
Forms new ideals; negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

delinquency opportunity - cloward and ohlin

A

1960
Also focuses on gang involvement

Youths’ response to status frustration is dictated by the types of delinquent opportunities available to any particular group

Material wealth is hard to come by

Crime - alternative career path

Three types of gangs:
- crime oriented
- conflict oriented
- retreatist oriented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

crime oriented

A

property crimes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

conflict oriented

A

violent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

retreatist oriented

A

drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

general strain theory

A

A criminology theory positing that a gap between culturally approved goals and legitimate means of achieving them causes frustration, leading to criminal behavior

Agnew (1992,1995)

Delinquent behavior functions as an adaptation to stress

Response to stress depends upon various factors, including social support, degree of anger, motivation, self-esteem

Delinquency - reaction of the environment; stress, trauma

Types of relevant stressors!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Types of relevant stressors

A

Discrepancy between means and goals
Loss of something positive
Negative circumstances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

limitations of strain theories

A

Females excluded from most theories
Doesn’t account for middle- and upper-class delinquent behavior
Bias and stereotypes
Doesn’t account for why small numbers of youth in lower SES communities engage in delinquent acts
Other than Agnew’s theory, what about background, circumstances, family?
What about normative adolescent development?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

bias and stereotypes in strain theories

A

Assumes that lower class youth are all the same with no cultural, community, or individual differences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What about normative adolescent development? - limitation to strain theories

A

doesn’t account for:

  • Prefrontal cortex
  • Normal behaviors - rebellion, risks, stimulating acts, higher threshold for excitement, wanting to be approved by friends
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Cultural Transmission Theories

A

Theory of Culture Conflict
Concentric Zone Theory
“High Delinquency Theories”
Cultural Efficacy Theory
“Lower Class Culture”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

“High Delinquency Areas”

A

Shaw and McKay

Used concentric zone theory to study patterns of crime and delinquency throughout Chicago

Identified areas of high crime adjacent to the city center (similar to the Zone of Transition)

Delinquent behavior develops when children are raised in neighborhoods with high rates of poverty, which produces social disorganization → delinquency

Focus is on the presence and impact of social disorganization

26
Q

1900s Chicago

A

Great influx of laborers

Social scientists define a series of concentric zones around Chicago, commencing with the core in downtown Chicago and progressing outward, away from the city center, in a series of concentric rings

The outward renege or zone immediately adjacent to the central core was labeled by Burgess and Park as an interstitial area (zone of transition)

27
Q

Concentric Zone Hypothesis

A

Series of rings originating from a city center, such as Chicago, and emanating outward, forming various zones characterized by different socioeconomic conditions; believed to contain areas of high delinquency and crime

Found that delinquency is more frequent in youth in lower SES; poorly in school

28
Q

Subculture of Delinquency

A

A culture within a culture where the use of violence in certain social situations is commonplace and normative

29
Q

Cultural Efficacy

A

Sampson

Focuses on social organization and collective efficacy in neighborhoods

Collective efficacy → informal social control → cohesion and support networks → less crime

Neighborhood disorganization → lacking efficacy → more crime

What happens when youth from poorer neighborhoods move to more affluent ones?

30
Q

“Lower Class Culture”

A

Miller

Individuals in lower SES brackets don’t internalize middle class values and delinquent acts are not due to anomic frustration

Values, ideals, goals specific to poorer communities

Miller’s high priority values:
- Trouble, toughness, smartness, excitement, fate, autonomy

31
Q

Lower Class Focal Concerns

A

Walter Miller used this term to refer to those aspects of the subculture that are important; these aspects require attention by members of the subculture
- Trouble, toughness, smartness, excitement, fate, autonomy

32
Q

Code of the Street

A

Norms and values of lower class youth that emphasize violence and respect

33
Q

Limitations of Cultural Transmission Theories

A

Biased and homogenous view of individuals living in lower income neighborhoods

Social organization is not always absent in lower SES neighborhoods, it just looks different than in other neighborhoods

Studies that rely on crime rates in neighborhoods are biased – what is the danger of relying on arrest records

Neighborhoods don’t necessarily cause crime, as those with prior history of offending (and therefore higher risk of reoffending) may be drawn to the neighborhood

34
Q

VisionQuest

A

Carefully regulated, intensive supervision program designed to improve the social and psychological experiences of juveniles

35
Q

labeling theory

A

Persons develop self definitions that deviant and criminal
Labeling

36
Q

labeling

A

Stressed the definition people have of delinquent acts rather than delinquency itself

37
Q

primary deviation

A

Occurs when you spontaneously violate the law by engaging in occasional pranks

38
Q

secondary deviation

A

Occurs when delinquency becomes consistent with adolescent self image and behavior patterns or lifestyle

39
Q

bonding theory / social control theory

A

Stresses processual aspects of youth becoming bonded or socially integrated into the norms of society

Include dimensions of bonding:
- Attachment, commitment, belief, and involvement

40
Q

containment theory

A

Positive self image enables persons otherwise disposed toward criminal behavior to avoid criminal conduct and conform to societal values

41
Q

skip

A

skip

42
Q

looking glass self

A

Theories that people learned ways of conforming by paying attention to the reactions of others in response to their own behavior

43
Q

rehabilitation model

A

Assumes that delinquency is the result of poor friendship or peer choices, poor social adjustments, the wrong educational opportunities, and/or a general failure to envision realistic life goals and inculcate appropriate moral values

44
Q

treatment model / medical model

A

Assumes that delinquency conduct is like a disease, the causes of which can be isolated and attacked

45
Q

juvenile mentoring program (JUMP)

A

Designed to improve school performance and decrease delinquency
One on one adult and juvenile

46
Q

big brothers / big sisters of america (BBBSA)

A

Matches one adult to one juvenile in a cost effective intervention that reduces adolescent drug and alcohol use and improves youth parent relationships

47
Q

non interventionist model

A

Means the absence of any direct intervention with certain juveniles who have been taken into custody

Consistent with the DSO movement

48
Q

judicious nonintervention

A

Allows some minimal level of intervention to affect changes in behavior

49
Q

radical nonintervention

A

Argues that many of the current approaches to delinquency are not fundamentally unsound but also harmful to youth

50
Q

Just deserts/justice model

A

Punishment centered and seemingly revenge oriented

Where the state’s interest is to ensure that juveniles are punished in relation to the seriousness of the offenses they have committed

51
Q

crime control model

A

Theories that one of the best ways of controlling juvenile delinquency is to incapacitate juvenile offenders, either through some secure incarceration or through an intensive supervision program operated by a community based agency or organization

52
Q

consent decrees

A

May include provisions for the electronic monitoring of certain juvenile offenders as an alternative to incarceration in a secure facility

Plastic bracelets or anklets - sends signals

53
Q

multi systemic therapy

A

Intensive intervention that works with families in the community to address factors contributing to serious delinquent behavior

54
Q

Balanced and Restorative Justice (BARJ) Model

A

Recognized that crime harms the community, victims, and juvenile offenders

Approach holds the offender accountable to the victim while providing intervention to improve offender competencies and social skills and to promote non delinquent behavior

Seeks to ensure public safety and balance the needs of all

Five domains of competency development

accountability

55
Q

Five domains of competency development

A

Prosocial skills
Moral reasoning skills
Academic skills
Workforce skills
Independent living skills

56
Q

Accountability can be achieved by

A

Victim impact statement
Victim community awareness classes
Apology statement
Restitution and community service
Restorative processes

57
Q

Sanctuary Model

A

A trauma informed, theory based, evidence supported, whole culture approach that requires organizational change for treating youth

Requires that participants to endorse:
- Nonviolence, emotional intelligence, social learning, open communication democracy, social responsibility, growth and change

58
Q

Nurse family partnership (NFT)

A

Provides intensive home visitation by trained nurses during prenatal and childhood years

59
Q

Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Trauma in Schools (CBITS)

A

Developed for children 10-15 who have been exposed to substantial violence or other traumatic events and have symptoms of PTSD in the clinical range

Goals:
Reduce symptoms related to trauma
To build resilience
To increase peer and parent support

60
Q

Project Safe Neighborhoods

A

A national initiative implemented to reduce firearms

Persons based from using firearms

  • Convicted felons
  • Fugitives from justice
  • Illegal immigrants
  • Mental defectives or persons who have been committed at any time to a mental institution
  • Persons who have given up their US citizenship
  • Persons dishonorably discharged from the armed forces
    - Anyone under court order to refrain from stalking, harassing, or threatening an intimate partner or other person
    - Anyone convicted of a misdemeanor crime involving violence or a threat with a deadly weapon

mental health and juvenile justice (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions