Week 5 Flashcards

Question

differential reinforcement

Answer 1

operant conditioning

Answer 2

indirect or direct observation of others' behavior

Answer 3

attitudes about behavior

Answer 4

association with delinquency vs prosocial groups

Answer 5

settled way of thinking

Answer 6

physical or external action/expression; can be observed

Answer 7

High rates of mental illness among youth impacted by the juvenile and adult justice systems 70% of youth in detention settings have at least one diagnosable mental health disorder (9-22% in community) 10x more likely to suffer from psychosis than youth in community Most common diagnoses include: ADHD, CD, SUD, anxiety, PTSD, depression

Answer 8

Difficult relationship to disentangle The symptoms underlying certain disorders may bring youth to the attention of the juvenile/criminal justice system Several meta-analyses have shown that the following factors are positively correlated with youth violence: Restlessness Hyperactivity Impulsivity Difficulty concentrating Increased risk taking behaviors Internalizing behaviors (nervousness, worry, depressive symptoms) not necessarily related or may reduce likelihood

Answer 9

Trauma is a “deeply distressing experience” “Actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence” Stressful events not involving an immediate threat to life or physical injury such as psychosocial stressors are not considered trauma in this definition

Answer 10

Typically, singular incident Time limit Impacts on the way you view the world, your place in the world May also lead to patterns of behavior/dysregulation, ut may be more environmental specific

Answer 11

The experience of multiple, chronic and prolonged, developmentally adverse traumatic events, most often an interpersonal nature and early life onset Frequently occur within the child’s caregiving or attachment system Can lead to patterns of dysregulation across areas of development, namely emotional and regulatory, intrapersonal, interpersonal, and cognitive development There are significant differences among children who have endured isolated, acute, and non-interpersonal traumas (accidents, natural disasters, etc), versus those who have endured more chronic, sequential, and interpersonal forms of trauma (abuse, neglect, maltreatment, etc)

Answer 12

Strongest empirical support Peer contagion effects Moderating factors? Research v. practice

Answer 13

Association with a deviant peer group reinforces problem behavior through the mechanism of deviancy training, which involves receiving positive reinforcement from peers for engaging in deviant talk Youth with lower level offending may be particularly vulnerable

Answer 14

Youth cannot be diagnosed with psychopathy (or any personality disorder) Research indicates that psychopathic traits may be found among some youth Focus is on Callous-Unemotional (CU) traits such as lack of remorse, lack of guilt, lack of empathy, shallow or deficient affect Captured in DSM 5 diagnosis of Conduct Disorder

Answer 15

Trauma exposure and traumatic stress symptoms related to juvenile justice-involvement Complex Trauma vs. Trauma High rates of trauma exposure among youth in JJ settings – retrospective designs Traumatic-stress symptoms may bring youth to the attention of the justice system

Answer 16

There are significant differences among children who have endured isolated, acute, and non-interpersonal traumas (e.g., accidents, natural disasters, etc.), versus those who have endured more chronic, sequential, and interpersonal forms of trauma (e.g., abuse, neglect, maltreatment, etc.).

Answer 17

A criminological perspective indicating that people have free will to choose either criminal or conventional behavior People choose to commit crime for reasons of greed or personal need Cesare Beccaria Book - On Crimes and Punishments The classical school of criminology started here Christianity

Answer 18

Assumes that people are rational beings who exercise free will in choosing between good actions and evil ones

Answer 19

Jeremy Bentham Pursuit of pleasure Primary motivator underlying much social and personal action

Answer 20

Branch of social science that uses the scientific method of the natural sciences and suggests that human behavior is a product of social, biological, psychological, or economic factors

Answer 21

School of criminological thought emphasizing analysis of criminal behaviors through empirical indicators, such as physical features, compared with biochemical explanations

Answer 22

Pregnant women who drink heavily place the fetus at increased risk for developmental and behavioral problems